Week 5: Nutrition & Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

What is Coronary heart disease?

Answer 1

When flow of blood to the heart is obstructed or reduced

Most common cardiovascular disease

Question 2

What causes coronary heart disease?

Answer 2

Typically plaque buildup in the artery known as Atherosclerosis

Question 3

Angia

Answer 3

Chest pain

Question 4

Heart Failure

Answer 4

Heart cannot pump adequate amounts of blood

Question 5

What is a stroke?

Answer 5

When blood flow to the brain is obstructed or reduced, causing brain tissue damage or even death

Question 6

What is the most common type of stroke? And what happens in this type of stroke?

Answer 6

Ischemic

Blood flow is obstructed to the brain

Question 7

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 7

Blood from an artery bleeds into the brain, causing brain tissue damage

Question 8

Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)

Answer 8

Aka mini strokes

Blood flow to the brain is temporarily disrupted by a blood clot

Question 9

What is Peripheral Arterial Disease

Answer 9

Blood flow to the limbs (usually legs) is obstructed

Question 10

What is Aortic Disease

Answer 10

A group of conditions affecting the aorta

Question 11

What is the most common type of Aortic disease?

Answer 11

Aortic Aneurysm: Enlargement or bulging of aorta wall

Question 12

Non-modifiable risk factors with cardiovascular disease

Answer 12

Age
Sex (female or male) - Men are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease
Family history of cardiovascular disease

Question 13

Modifiable risk factors with cardiovascular disease

Answer 13

Hypertension
Smoking
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes
Physical Inactivity
Overweight
Excessive alcohol intake
poor diet

Question 14

Why is LDL cholesterol bad?

Answer 14

because when elevated it contributes to the development of Atherosclerosis

Question 15

How does Saturated fats and LDL cholesterol work together?

Answer 15

When our intake of saturated fats increases, our LDL levels also increase

Question 16

How does Trans fats and LDL cholesterol work together?

Answer 16

When our intake of trans fats increases, our LDL levels also increase.

Trans fat causes our good cholesterol (HDL) to also decrease

Question 17

When following current guidelines what should we replace our saturated and trans fats with?

Answer 17

Replace with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats because it reduces the LDL cholesterol

Polyunsaturated fats help reduce LDL more, but it is important to have a mix of both

Question 18

Does Dietary cholesterol lower LDL cholesterol?

Answer 18

Not enough evidence to show if lowering dietary cholesterol actually reduces LDL cholesterol

Question 19

Following current guidelines, what is the recommended amount of sodium for someone with hypertension?

Answer 19

2 g or less of dietary sodium

Question 20

What does future suggestion say about sodium intake for someone with hypertension?

Answer 20

Less than 4g per day

Question 21

Following current guidelines, what is the recommended amount of sodium for someone with heart failure?

Answer 21

2g or less of dietary sodium per day

Question 22

Following current guidelines, what is the recommended amount of fluid intake for someone with heart failure?

Answer 22

1.5 to 2 L per day

Question 23

What foods/beverages need to be considered when adhering to fluid restriction?

Answer 23

Water
Juice
Milk
Pop
Anything liquid at room temp. (ice cream)

Question 24

What are Flavanols?

Answer 24

Type of phytonutrient in a variety of fruits, veggies and plant based foods

Question 25

What are the benefits of Flavanols

Answer 25

400-600 mg per day can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes

Question 26

Fibre has a positive effect on our cholesterol, what happens when we eat a diet with soluble fibre?

Answer 26

Pulls cholesterol from our blood stream to make our bile