Week 4: Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

Result of pancreatic beta cell destruction with insulin deficiency

Question 2

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 2

Insulin resistance combined with insulin deficiency (Either may predominate)

Genetic predisposition

Question 3

Gestational Diabetes: GDM

Answer 3

Glucose intolerance
During Pregnancy

Question 4

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes

Answer 4

Mix of type 1 and type 2
Loss of pancreatic beta cells

Question 5

Prediabetes

Answer 5

impaired fasting of glucose, glucose intolerance and glycated hemoglobin

Question 6

What are risk factors that can increase risk of developing type 2?

Answer 6

hypertension
hyperlipidemia
high BMI
Ovary syndrome
Sleep Apnea
Acanthusis Nigricans (dark patch)

Question 7

Macro vascular

Answer 7

Heart and blood vessels
Stroke and heart attack

Question 8

Microvascular

Answer 8

small blood vessels
Damages to kidneys, eyes, peripheral nerves, erectile dysfunction

Question 9

Mental heath and diabetes

Answer 9

Diabetes distress: emotional burden and stress with relationships

Diabulmia: not giving yourself insulin on purpose or underusing

Question 10

What is Insulin?

Answer 10

An anabolic (muscle building) hormone produced in higher blood glucose levels and suppressed in lower blood glucose levels

Question 11

What does insulin do?

Answer 11

allows blood glucose to enter and be used as energy
helps triglycerides
stimulates storage of amino acids
helps liver and muscle tissue in storage

Question 12

What is a big difference between a normal metabolism and a type 2 diabetes metabolism?

Answer 12

The cell doesn’t respond to the insulin in the type 2 diabetes metabolism.

Instead of the glucose entering and being used as fuel it doesn’t and just stays in the blood stream

Question 13

Glycemic targets for an adult with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes is?

Answer 13

7% or less

Question 14

What is the glycemic target for someone with type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of CKD

Answer 14

6.5 % or less (A1C)

Question 15

What are the 3 diets that help manage diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Answer 15

1. Mediaterrian Diet
2. DASH diet
3. Vegetarian Diet

Question 16

Mediterranean Diet

Answer 16

High to moderate consumption of fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains and olive oil

Low consumption of red meat, dairy products, and wine

Helps with type 2 diabetes

Question 17

DASH Diet

Answer 17

Emphasizes vegetables, fruits low fat and dairy products

Encourages larger amounts of potassium, calcium, magnesium, dietary fibre and protein

decreases cardiovascular diseases for ppl with type 2

Question 18

Vegetarian Diets

Answer 18

All vegetarian or vegan diets

Question 19

How to calculate carbohydrates?

Answer 19

Total carbohydrates on label
subtract fibre and sugar alcohols
= net carbohydrates

Question 20

What does the most recent alcohol intake state is recommended per week

Answer 20

2 standard drinks per week for men and women

Question 21

Physical activity and A1C

Answer 21

Increased physical activity, decreases A1C and helps reduce the risk of complications

Question 22

What is the general recommendation for physical activity per week?

Answer 22

150 mins per week of aerobic activity
at least 2 sessions of resistance training per week