WEEK 5 : Mixture questions ( textbook & slides)

Question 1

Define the terms :
Solute
Solvent
Filtration
Hydrostatic Pressure
Diffusion

Answer 1

particles dissolved in the solvent of body fluids ( e.g salt or sugar)

the water portion of the body fluids ( water, fluids, etc)

is the movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane because of hydrostatic pressure

is the pressure exerted by water molecule against the surfaces

movement of particles ( solute) across a permeable membrane from an area of higher particle concentration to an area of lower particle concentration

Question 2

True or false. Changes in either the amount of water or the amount of electrolytes in various of body fluids compartments can reduce the function of all cells, tissues, and organs

Answer 2

true

Question 3

The interstitial and ICD volumes would drink, and the plasma volume would expand.

Answer 3

hypertonic

Question 4

the interstitial and ICF fluid volumes would expand, and the plasma volume would shrink.

Answer 4

hypotonic

Question 5

what acts together at the capillary membrane to maintain both ECF and ICF volumes within their normal range?

Answer 5

osmosis and filtration

Question 6

What responses does the nurse expect as a result of infusing 500 mL liters of a 3% saline intravenous solution into a client over a 1-hour time period?

A. Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood pressure increases
B. Plasma volume osmolarity decreases; blood pressure increases
C. Plasma volume osmolarity increases; blood pressure decreases
D. Plasma volume osmolarity decreases; blood pressure decreases

Answer 6

A

3% saline is = hypertonic therefore the osmolality increases ( concetration) and the blood pressure increases with that

Question 7

true or false. Body fluids are constantly filtered and replaces as fluid balance is maintained through intake and output

Answer 7

true

Question 8

Fluid intake is regulated through _____
What is the most important and the most sensitive water loss route because it is regulated and adjustable?

Answer 8

thirst drive

kidney

Question 9

Secreted by the adrenal cortex whenever sodium levels in the ECF are low

Answer 9

aldosterone

Question 10

what is aldosterone?

Answer 10

secreted by the adrenal cortex whenever sodium levels in the ECF are low

Question 11

True or false. Aldosterone action increases blood osmolarity and blood volume in which promotes kidney potassium excretion.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

this responds to changes in blood osmolarity, retains just water, indirectly regulates electrolyte retention or excretion

Answer 12

ADH

Question 13

Fill in the blanks :

When there are low plasma sodium levels in the blood, a hormone called ____ acts on the kidney nephrons, making them more ____ to water. This allows more water to be _____ by the kidney tubules and returned to the _____, which makes the blood more diluted and decreases it osmolarity.

Answer 13

ADH, permeable, reabsorbed, blood.

Question 14

what is nautretic peptides

Answer 14

the heart produces hormones, in response to increased blood volume and pressure. Inhibit the reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys and increase urine output.

Question 15

Fluid Shift:
How is hydrostatic
pressure ?

Answer 15

it is created by the heart, this is a water pressure by the wall extend from our heart pushing in into the membrane of our walls, more water the higher the hydropressure is going to be

Question 16

Fluid shift:

What is oncotic pressure?

Answer 16

oncotic is made by the albumin, we have to HAVE proteins in order to have pressure, and come back to us.

Pull that back in and go back to the heart and do the cycle all again.

Question 17

Name the categories of regulation of water balance

Answer 17

Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland
GI
Genitourinary
insensible water loss

Question 18

Can potassium be administered via IM or subcutaneous injection?

Answer 18

no, severe tissue irritant

Question 19

true or false: potassium movement into the cell is enhanced by insulin

Answer 19

true