week 3 : Pharmacology (drug theraphy) Flashcards
The applications of pharmacology in patient care, we focus on eight aspects of drug therapy, what are they?
1.Pre administration assessment
2. Dosage and administration
3.Promoting therapeutic effects
4.Minimizing adverse effects
5.Minimizing adverse interactions
6.Making as “need” PRN decisions
7.Evaluating responses to medication
8.Managing toxicity
Doing a pre-assesment in administering a drug , what do you have to consider
collecting data baseline
identifying high risk patient (allergies, life span considerations, etc).
Certain drugs have more than one indication such as ( most common ) ?
Aspirin: is given in low doses to relieve pain and in high doses to suppress inflammation
morphine can only be administered through injection?
false, it can be through injection and orally.
True or false. Drug therapy can often be enchaced by non pharmacologic measures.
true
Promoting Therapeutic Effects:
Name some non pharmacologic approaches when dealing with an asthma patient.
breathing exercises, biofeedback, and emotional support
Name some non pharmacologic approaches when dealing with an arthritis patient, what ‘drug’ therapy could enhanced this?
through exercise, physical therapy, and rest
Name some non pharmacologic approaches when dealing with hypertension, what ‘drug therapy’ could enhanced this?
enhancing drug therapy of hypertension through weight reduction, smoking cessation, and sodium restriction.
what does PRN mean?
latin for as needed
True or false. A PRN medication order is one in which the nurse has discretion regarding when to give a drug and, some situations, how much of the drug to give.
true
____ orders are common for drugs that promote sleep, relieve pain, and reduce anxiety
PRN
This is the process that tells us whether a drug is producing a benefit of causing harm
evaluation responses to medication
Application of Pharmacology in Patient Education
( You must give the patient the following information)
1.Drug name and therapeutic category
2.dosage
3.dosing schedule
4.route and technique of administration
5.expected therapeutic response, and when it should develop
6.non drug measures to enhance therapeutic responses
7.duration of treatment
8.method of drug storage
9.symptoms of major adverse effects, and measures to minimize discomfort and harm
10.major adverse drug and drug interactions
11.whom to contact in the event of therapeutic failure, severe adverse reactions, or severe adverse interactions.
What is the generic name for tylenol
acetaminophen
what is the therapeutic effects of tylenol
reduction in fever
reduction in pain
true or false. Tylenol is an anti-inflammatory agent ?
false, it is not an anti- inflammatory agent
this drug reduces fever by acting directly on hypothalamic heat-regulating center.
tylenol (acetaminophen)
true or false. Analgestic mechanism is through inhibition of prostaglandins in the CNS
true
Can you give tylenol orally or rectally?
yes, you can give tylenol orally or rectally
tylenol maximum dose over 24 hour period: adults and geriatric
4000 mg adults
3000 mg geriatric
True or False. Tylenol should be use cautiously with impaired hepatic function , chronic alcoholism
true
what are some side effects of tylenol
renal damage
hypersensivity: rash, fever
hepatotoxicity (damage to liver)
nursing considerations
assess history and physical condition related to liver and kidneys
Monitor LFTs (liver function test) if concerned
Avoid using multiple preparations with acetaminophen
what key words link to the “perfect drug”?
effective - works well and does exactly what it supposed to do
safe- unlikely to produce harm even if taken in large amts for a long period
selective: drug that does ONLY what we want it to with no unintended side effects
note: no drug is safe, all have side effects
when it comes to drug names, what is the safest practice to use?
generic or brand name
generic
why are all barriers bypassed when using intravenous as a major route of admnistration?
because it is directly put into the bloodstream, thus why all the barriers are bypassed.
the only parenteral route that permits the use of large volumes of fluid
IV route
When drugs are administered in a large volume, fluid overload can occur. This can be a significant problem for patients with _____, ______, _____
hypertension, kidney disease, and heart failure
true or false. The IM route can be used for parenteral administration of poorly soluble drugs
true
what does depot preparation mean?
it is a special preparation of the medication, which is given by injection.
What does PO mean?
it’s another word for oral, PO sin latin is the way of the mouth
after oral admission, drugs may be absorbed where?
it may be absorbed in stomach, the intestine or both
As nurses it is important to supply our patient with effective, safe, and selective drug therapy ( now define what they mean) —> i know its sucked in and easy but practice makes perfect. Thank yew
effective meaning it works well and does exactly what it’s suppose to do
safe includes it is unlikely to cause any harm even if taken in large amounts for a long period
Selective means that the drug ONLY does what we want it to with no unintended side effects
What does MAR stand for?
medication administration record
this is used for discharged or out patient, require patient education
prescription
for in patient : MAR (medication administration)
medication order
name the brand names for these generic names :
acetaminophen
citalopram
celexib
furosemide
omeprazole
tylenol,pracetemol,tempra
celexa
celebrex
lasix
losec
True or False. Appropriate Patient Assessments occurs before, during, and after
true
what are the 10 rights of medication administration ( this is a must when supplying a patient drug theraphy)
- right drug
2.right patient - right dose
- right time/schedule
- right route
- right documentation
- right assesment
8.right to refuse - right evaluation
- right education
medication knowledge terms:
indication
contraindications
relative contraindications
medical conditions for which the drug is given; maybe more than one indication
contraindication is conditions not to give the drug
risks and benefits are weighed
medication knowledge terms :
idiosyncratic effect
paradoxical effect
uncommon response ; genetic predisposition
opposite of intended purpose
what is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic ?
nephro- kindey toxic
hepa- liver toxic
what are the four basic pharmacokinetic processes ?
- Absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
True or false. For a drug to move across the body drugs must cross membranes
yes that is true
the three most important ways a drug cross cell membrane
- passage through channels or pores
2.passage within the aid of transport system - direct penetration of the membrane itself
acids are absorbed in _____ environment
while
bases are absorbed in _____ environment
acidic
alkaline
Aspirin is a weak acid drug that stay non ionizede in acid environment, and get ionized in alkaline environment, in which part of the body is acidic and alkaline?
acidic is stomach and alkaline is small intestines
