week 10 : gas exchange Flashcards
(142 cards)
what are the concepts that are related to gas exchange
anxiety
acid base balance
perfusion
fatigue
mobility
nutrition
define if this is a true statement or not.
carbon dioxide travelling to hemoglobin and back, alveoli C02 is released in Alveoli
when you are breathing out, initially you are removing C02.
this is true
define if this is a true process of gas exchange in the first step
Atmosphere (21% oxygen):
* The process begins with the air we breathe, which consists of approximately 21% oxygen and other gases.
this is true
define the function of medulla in the process of gas exchange :
- Medulla:
The medulla oblongata in the brainstem plays a crucial role in regulating involuntary processes, including breathing. It monitors the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
define if this is a true statement within the process of gas exchange
Thorax, Intact, Diaphragm Contracts:
* The diaphragm, a muscle separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, contracts. This action increases the volume of the thoracic cavity, reducing air pressure in the lungs.
this is true
true or false. Reducing air pressure in the lungs plays a crucial role in the process of breathing. When the diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity expands, it creates a decrease in air pressure within the lungs. This change in pressure is essential for drawing air into the respiratory system
this is true
is this a true statement ? * Nose, Trachea, Bronchi:
Air enters the cardiovascular system through the nose and travels through the trachea (windpipe) and bronchi (airways that branch off the trachea) to reach the lungs.
false, IT IS NOT cardiovascular but rather respiratory
What is this describing in terms of the process of gas exchange, specifically what are we using ?
* The bronchi further divide into smaller tubes called bronchioles, which eventually lead to tiny air sacs. These are the primary sites for gas exchange in the lungs
alveoli
true or false. does this fall into the process of gas exchange?
Pulmonary Capillaries with Hemoglobin to Carry Oxygen:
* Oxygen diffuses across the thin walls of the alveoli and into the surrounding pulmonary capillaries. Hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, binds with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin.
yes it does.
Define if these are all true according to the process of gas exchange.
* Cell Metabolism:
Within the cells, oxygen is used in cellular metabolism, a process that produces energy for the cell’s functions.
*Perfusion to Transport Hemoglobin from Cells:
Hemoglobin, now carrying carbon dioxide (a waste product of cellular metabolism), returns to the bloodstream.
* Pulmonary Capillaries with Hemoglobin Carrying Carbon Dioxide:
The deoxygenated blood, carrying carbon dioxide, returns to the lungs through the pulmonary arteries.
* Alveoli, Bronchi, Trachea, Nose:
Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood in the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the body as we exhale, following the reverse path of inhalation.
*Thorax, Intact, Diaphragm Relaxes:
The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity, and air is expelled from the lungs.
* Atmosphere:
The cycle repeats as we inhale again from the atmosphere, taking in fresh oxygen to support cellular activities.
yes it is true
here is a better and compressed explanation of the process of gas exchange :
inhaling Air (Atmosphere, 21% oxygen):
We start by breathing in air, which contains around 21% oxygen.
Brain Monitoring (Medulla):
The brain’s medulla monitors oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, helping regulate breathing.
Breathing Action (Thorax, Intact, Diaphragm Contracts):
The diaphragm contracts, expanding the chest cavity and reducing air pressure in the lungs, allowing air to be drawn in.
Airway Passage (Nose, Trachea, Bronchi):
Air travels through the nose, trachea, and bronchi to reach the lungs.
Gas Exchange (Alveoli):
In the lungs, air reaches tiny sacs called alveoli, where oxygen moves into the bloodstream and binds with hemoglobin.
Oxygen Transport (Pulmonary Capillaries):
Oxygen-rich blood is pumped by the heart to tissues and organs, releasing oxygen to support cell functions.
Cell Energy (Cell Metabolism):
Oxygen is used in cell metabolism to produce energy within cells.
Carbon Dioxide Pickup (Perfusion from Cells):
Hemoglobin, now carrying carbon dioxide, returns to the bloodstream.
Carbon Dioxide Transport (Pulmonary Capillaries):
Deoxygenated blood, carrying carbon dioxide, returns to the lungs.
Exhaling (Alveoli, Bronchi, Trachea, Nose):
Carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the alveoli and is expelled as we exhale.
Relaxing Phase (Thorax, Intact, Diaphragm Relaxes):
The diaphragm relaxes, reducing the chest cavity volume, and air is pushed out of the lungs.
Repeat (Atmosphere):
The breathing cycle repeats as we inhale fresh oxygen from the atmosphere to support cellular activities.
!!!! get it together and we must know it before the finals !!!!!
what is ventilation ?
process of inhaling oxygen into lungs and exhaling carbon dioxide from lungs
Impaired ventilation may occur :
The statement lists several potential causes of impaired ventilation:
( name examples )
inadequate bone/muscle nerve function to move air into the lungs such as rib fracture, spinal cord injury
true or false. When having a rub fracture, it is suggested to take a deep breathe to better airflow going into your lungs.
hell no! you do not take deep breathes, this is going to disrupt your whole shat !!!! not recommended.
this is when your diaphragm is paralyzed ( impaired), therefore your ventilation may be impaired as well, what type of injury is this ?
spinal cord injury
Impaired ventilation may occur :
The statement lists several potential causes of impaired ventilation:
( name examples )
recall we already know : inadequate bone/muscle nerve function to move air into the lungs such as rib fracture, spinal cord injury
are some examples. Name more.
narrowed airways( asthma)
poor gas diffusion ( pneumonia)
What is this describing ?
Availability of hemoglobin and its ability to carry oxygen from alveoli to cells for metabolism and carry carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism from cells to alveoli to be eliminated
transport
What is transport in gas exchange?
Availability of hemoglobin and its ability to carry oxygen from alveoli to cells for metabolism and carry carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism from cells to alveoli to be eliminated
impaired transport may occur : name some examples how transport can be impaired
insufficient rbcs to carry oxygen
low hemoglobin ( anemia)
true or false. Patients who are anemic, tends to have a problem with their hemoglobin. Concluding that no oxygen or carbon dioxide to carry in the body
true
what is this describing ?
Ability of blood to transport oxygen containing hemoglobin to cells and return carbon dioxide containing hemoglobin to the alveoli
perfusion
what is perfusion in gas exchange ?
Ability of blood to transport oxygen containing hemoglobin to cells and return carbon dioxide containing hemoglobin to the alveoli
true or false. If you have a massive clot= emboli, this could be completely blocking blood, therefore can cause issues with breathing ( exchange )
true
having a decreased in your cardiac output can also cause what ?
can cause to have a low volume of blood ( hypovolemia)