Week 5-Medication Flashcards
Medication systems
Automated Dispensers
Self administration
Automated dispensers
Password accessible lock chart
Computer tracking
Can combine stock and unit doses
Self administration
Individual containers
Kept at client’s bedside
Pharmacological considerations
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Movement of drug in the body
Pharmacodynamics
How does the drug affect the body
Absorption
Movement of drug into bloodstream
Factors affecting absorption
-route
-solubility of drug
-ph/ionization
-blood flow
Distribution
Drug transport to tissues and organs
Factors affe ting distribution
-local blood flow
-membrane permeability
-Protein-binding capacity
Factors affecting Metabolism
Biotransformation-chemical conversion of drug
Factors affecting metabolism
-liver function
-health/disease status
-first-pass effect: liver reduces potency of oral medications
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Route
Drug solubility
Ph and ionization
Blood flow to the area
Excretion
Elimination of the drug
Factors affecting excretion
-organ function, especially the kidneys, liver, and lungs
-exocrine glands
Pharmacokinetics concepts
Therapeutic range
Peak level
Through level
Half life
Therapeutic range
A window of Different levels of therapeutic concentration.
Peak level
Onset of action is minimum effective concentration.
When drug concentration in blood is at its highest it is at peak level.
Through level
Drug is at lowest concentration, usually right before dose is due
Half life
How long it takes for half the drug to be eliminated
Factors impacting pharmacokinetics
Age
Weight
Gender
Route
Pharmacodynamics
Primary effects
-Therapeutic effect
-intended
-desired
-why the drug was prescribed
Primary/therapeutic effects
Are predicted, intended, and desired. Reason drug was prescribed.
Types of primary/therapeutic effects
Palliative
Restorative
Palliative
Address signs and symptoms but not disease