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Nurs 101 Lecture > Week 2 Infection Control > Flashcards

Week 2 Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Infection

A

Growth of microorganism in body tissue where it does not originate

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2
Q

Infectious agent

A

Microorganism found in tissue where it does not originate

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3
Q

Disease

A

Detectable alteration in normal tissue function

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4
Q

Virulence

A

Ability to produce disease, diseases severity, and ability to spread

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5
Q

Pathogenicity

A

Ability to produce disease

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6
Q

Sepsis

A

Acute organ dysfunction after infection

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7
Q

4 major category of microorganisms that cause infections in humans

A

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

The most common. Can live and be transported through water, air, food, body tissue, fluids, and objects

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9
Q

Viruses

A

Common virus families:

Rhinoviruses(cold), hepatitis, herpes, and autoimmune viruses

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10
Q

Fungi

A

Yeast and mold.

Candida albicans is yeast that is normal flora in human vagina

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11
Q

Parasites

A

Live on on other living organisms

They include: protazoa(like the one that causes malaria, helminths(worm), and anthropods(mites, fleas, ticks)

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12
Q

Types of infections

A

Local
Systemic
Bacteremia

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13
Q

Local infection

A

Only specific part of the body

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14
Q

Systemic infection

A

When pathogen spreads to other parts of the body

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15
Q

Bacteremia

A

When blood culture shows microorganisms

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16
Q

Infection control in nursing

A

Septicemia-when bacteremia results in systemic infection

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17
Q

Acute infection

A

Appear suddenly or last a short time

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18
Q

Chronic infection

A

Occurs slowly over long period of time

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19
Q

Hospital acquired infection

A

UTI-most common organism in urinary tract is escherichia coli (bad cathater technique) enterococcus(contamination of closed drainage system) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (poor hand hygiene)

Surgical sites-most common microO staphylococus aureus which includes MRSS(poor hand hyg.), enterococcus species including vancomycin resistant strains(improper dressing technique and pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Blood stream-most common microO include coagulase negative staphylococus aureus (inadequate hand hygiene) and emterococcus species (inadequate IV care)

Pneumonia-most common microO staphylococus aureus(poor hand hygiene), psuedomonas aeruginosa and enterobacyer species

20
Q

Chain of infection

A

Infectious agent

Reservoir

Portal of exit from reservoir

Method of transmission

Portal of entry

susceptible host

21
Q

Etiological/infectious agent

A

Pathogen

22
Q

Reservoir

A

Sources of microorganisms; humans, own microorganisms, plants, animals etc.

Carrier-reservoir who shows no symptoms

23
Q

Portal of exit from reservoir

A

Before a infection can get into a host it must leave the reservoir.

Human and animal reservoir most common exit is body fluids.

24
Q

Method of transmission

A

Direct transmission-human to human. kissing, sex, etc.

Indirect transmission-anything other than human. can be vehicle borne (any substance that introduces pathogen to host; inanimate object) or vector borne(animal, insect, etc. that transport disease.

Airborne

25
Q

Portal of entry

A

Often enter through same source they left host

26
Q

Susceptible host

A

Anyone at risk for infection. Compromised host is at increased risk.

27
Q

Defense against infection

A

Specific and nonspecific

28
Q

Nonspecific

A

Protects against all microorganism regardless of prior exposure.

Include physical and anatomical barriers and inflammation.

29
Q

Anatomical and physical barriers

A

Skin and mucous is first line of defense

Lungs have alveloar macrophages(phagocytes)

Mouth gets rid if mucous epithelium to get rid of colinizers

Saliva has inhibitors

Eye uses tears

Stomach acud

Resident flora of large intestine prevent pathogen growth

Peristalsis moves microbes out of body

30
Q

Anatom and phys continued.

A

Girls in puberty and beyond has low ph in vagina to prevent microbe growth

Urine prevents bacteria from entering urethra

31
Q

Inflammatory response

A

Local and nonspecific defense response of tissue to injury or infection. It destroys or dilutes. Prevents soread of injury and repairs tissue.

Stage 1-vascular and cell response

Stage 2-exudation with fluids and dead cells

Stage 3-reparative stage-repair of tissue

32
Q

Specific defense

A

Immune response-antibody mediated defense and cellular mediated defense

33
Q

Antibody mediated defense(circulating immunity)

A

Defense are located in B lynphocytes and mediated by antibodies produced by B cells

Active immunity-when the body makes its own antibodies and long lasting

Passive immunity-gets external antiboies and short term

34
Q

Cell mediated defense

A

Occurs through T cell system

Helper T cells-help in the function of the immune system

Cytotoxic T cells-kills pathogens and sometimes bodies own cells

Suppressor T cells suppress previous celks

35
Q

Specific immmunity

A

Immunity to certain pathogens based on antibodies

36
Q

Types if bath

A

Assist, complete, partial

37
Q

Assist

A

Wash areas hard to reach

38
Q

Partial

A

Wash only areas absolutely necessary including perineum

39
Q

Who has special consideration for bath

A

Those with dementia or obesity

40
Q

Oral care

A

Improves appetite
Reduces pneumonia incidents

41
Q

Who completes patient ADLs

A

CNA

42
Q

Can RN cut nails

A

No because of neuropathy or PVD in diabetics

43
Q

What types of disease make it less likely to feel pain

A

Neurological or circulatory

44
Q

Foot care

A

Check for breaking of skin, cracks, and id heels are hard

45
Q

How should unconscious patients be positioned while receiving oral care

A

On their side

46
Q

CAUTI

A

Cather acquired urinary tract infection

47
Q

Digoxin

A

Must take vital signs before administering

Must assess pulse

If pulse lower than 60, can not give Digoxin

Nurs 101 Lecture (13 decks)

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