WEEK 5: MAJOR GRAND THEORY - PARSE AND NEWMAN

Question 1

Define Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness (HEC).

Answer 1

A unitary transformative paradigm focusing on individuals recognizing their patterns to expand consciousness, emphasizing wholeness and the interconnection with their environment​

Question 2

What is the role of nurses in Newman’s HEC?

Answer 2

Nurses help clients recognize patterns and facilitate transformation to higher consciousness through authentic relationships​

Question 3

What is Parse’s Theory of Humanbecoming?

Answer 3

It views humans as indivisible, unpredictable beings who create meaning through interactions, emphasizing dignity, freedom, and intentionality​

Question 4

What are the core concepts of Parse’s Humanbecoming Theory?

Answer 4

Intentionality, human subjectivity, coconstitution, coexistence, and situated freedom​

Question 5

What is the “Sandwich Generation” in the Newman Systems Model?

Answer 5

Middle-aged individuals managing work, family, and caregiving responsibilities, often experiencing stress and health risks

Question 6

What are the three phases of the Humanbecoming Leading-Following Model?

Answer 6

Meanings unfold with deliberate innovation, changing patterns surface with potent engagement, and infinite possibilities emerge with persistent pursuit of excellence​

Question 7

How does the Humanbecoming lens evaluate long-term care?

Answer 7

Focuses on safety, dignity, and living quality, emphasizing the unique experiences and needs of each resident​

Question 8

What are Newman’s “choice points”?

Answer 8

Critical life moments where individuals can recognize patterns and choose actions to expand their consciousness​

Question 9

What are the metaparadigm concepts in Newman’s theory?

Answer 9

Person (consciousness and wholeness)

Health (fusion of disease and non-disease)

Environment (larger context of interactions)

Nursing (partnering to expand consciousness)​

Question 10

What does Parse’s concept of “situated freedom” entail?

Answer 10

Individuals choose their attitudes and values within the context of their situations, creating unique value systems​

Question 11

What is pattern recognition in Newman’s nursing praxis?

Answer 11

The process of identifying life patterns in partnership with clients to facilitate understanding and transformation​

Question 12

What are the three key ideas in evaluating LTC through the humanbecoming perspective?

Answer 12

Understanding residents’ priorities, asking meaningful questions, and respecting their unique perspectives​

Question 13

What are the Neuman Systems Model’s lines of defense?

Answer 13

Flexible Line of Defense (buffers stressors)

Normal Line of Defense (stable health)

Lines of Resistance (activated after defenses fail)​

Question 14

What is the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Theory?

Answer 14

A theory linking perceived effort and reward imbalance to health outcomes, emphasizing the importance of social reciprocity​

Question 15

How does Newman view health?

Answer 15

As a pattern of the whole, where illness changes but does not diminish wholeness​

Question 16

How does Parse’s theory address human dignity?

Answer 16

It emphasizes reverence for human uniqueness, honoring individual meaning and freedom​

Question 17

What is the focus of Parse’s Humanbecoming art in practice?

Answer 17

Creating meaning, cocreating rhythmic patterns, and cotranscending with possibilities​

Question 18

How is “environment” defined in Newman’s HEC?

Answer 18

A larger whole beyond individual consciousness, involving interactions that shape unique experiences​

Question 19

What does “coconstitution” mean in Parse’s theory?

Answer 19

The mutual creation of meaning through individual interpretations and life experiences​

Question 20

What is the significance of “pattern recognition” in Newman’s nursing intervention?

Answer 20

Helps clients see the dynamic flow of their life patterns, leading to insight and higher consciousness​

Question 21

What does Parse mean by “potent engaging”?

Answer 21

Taking risks, embracing ambiguity, and moving forward with courage in changing life patterns​

Question 22

How does Newman describe illness?

Answer 22

A part of health that alters, but does not reduce, wholeness​

Question 23

What is the essence of reverence in Parse’s theory?

Answer 23

Solemn regard for others, listening and honoring their dignity and worth​

Question 24

How does the Newman Systems Model approach stress?

Answer 24

Views stress as neutral, with its impact depending on individual perception and coping resources​

Question 25

What does “infinite possibilities” mean in Parse’s Humanbecoming Model?

Answer 25

Continuously exploring and creating new opportunities through persistence and engagement​