WEEK 4: EVOLUTION OF NURSING THEORY, TRUTH & RECONCILIATION

Question 1

Define cultural genocide.

Answer 1

Breaking down and destroying Indigenous cultures by banning their languages, punishing their spiritual beliefs, and forcing them to adopt different ways of life.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in Canada?

Answer 2

To document the history and impacts of residential schools

provide 94 Calls to Action for reconciliation

addressing cultural genocide against Indigenous Peoples.

Question 3

What does Call to Action #24 address?

Answer 3

It mandates nursing schools to include Indigenous health, cultural competency, and the impact of colonialism in their curricula.

Question 4

What were Indian hospitals, and how were nurses involved?

Answer 4

Places where nurses treated Indigenous people but often in bad conditions and unfair systems.

Question 5

How did nurses contribute to harms in residential schools?

Answer 5

Nurses neglected care, participated in child removals, and contributed to conditions that caused significant illness.

Question 6

What is the Sixties Scoop?

Answer 6

The mass removal of Indigenous children into foster care or adoption, often facilitated by nursing recommendations.

Question 7

Provide examples of Indigenous-specific racism in health care.

Answer 7

Stereotyping, inadequate care, dismissing patient needs, and prioritizing non-Indigenous health

Question 8

What are the health impacts of racism on Indigenous people?

Answer 8

Poor mental, emotional, and spiritual health, decreased job satisfaction, and higher rates of chronic illnesses.

Question 9

What interventions are suggested to combat racism in health care?

Answer 9

Training on cultural competency, anti-racism policies, and systemic accountability measures.

Question 10

What are social determinants of health (SDOH)?

Answer 10

Conditions in which people are born, live, and work that affect health outcomes, like housing, income, and education.

Question 11

What did the CASN apologize for in 2023?

Answer 11

Colonial harms perpetuated through nursing education.

Question 12

Differentiate between knowledge and knowing in nursing.

Answer 12

Knowledge is structured and testable

knowing integrates ethical, moral, and applied knowledge.

Question 13

Name the five ways of knowing in nursing.

Answer 13

Empirical, ethical, personal, aesthetic, and emancipatory knowing.

Question 14

What are the three dimensions of nursing praxis?

Answer 14

Being (identity), knowing (knowledge), and doing (practice)

Question 15

What steps should nurses take for reconciliation?

Answer 15

Acknowledge harms, atone, and take actionable steps to change behavior and policy.

Question 16

How can public health address racism?

Answer 16

Through education, inclusive policies, and equitable resource distribution.

Question 17

What are the four components essential for reconciliation according to the TRC?

Answer 17

Awareness of the past, acknowledgment of harm inflicted, atonement for causes, and action to change behaviorrsing Praxis Dimensions

Question 18

What are the four metaparadigm concepts in nursing?

Answer 18

Person, health, environment, and nursing practices .

Question 19

What colonial policies obstruct Indigenous self-determination?

Answer 19

Indian Act: Restricted movement and roles.
Residential Schools and Sixties Scoop.
Forced relocations and sterilizations .

Question 20

What were some effects of the Indian Act?

Answer 20

Restricted movement, hunting, and increased dependency on government rations .

Question 21

What is Florence Nightingale widely recognized for in nursing?

Answer 21

Founding modern nursing and emphasizing hygiene and sanitation in care .

Question 22

How is Nightingale’s approach viewed in the context of colonialism?

Answer 22

Her work reinforced Eurocentric values, marginalizing Indigenous and non-European health perspectives .

Question 23

How did Nightingale’s influence shape nursing education?

Answer 23

Nursing education historically mirrored colonial hierarchies, prioritizing Eurocentric methods over diverse knowledge systems .

Question 24

What are the five components of environmental health emphasized by Nightingale?

Answer 24

Clean air, water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and adequate light .

Question 25

How did Nightingale influence gender roles in nursing?

Answer 25

Positioned nursing as a profession primarily for women, aligning it with traditional caregiving roles .