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Tissue biology > Week 5 - liver and pancreas > Flashcards

Week 5 - liver and pancreas Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the location of the liver

A
  • right upper quadrant of abdomen
  • starts in 5th intercostalspace
  • ends kust below ribcage
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2
Q

What is the blood supply?

A

Duovenous
- hepatic artery and portal vein enter liver through porta hepatis
- leaves as deoxygenated blood, back to heart via hepatic vein

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3
Q

Function of the liver

A
  • fat metabolism
  • heat generating
  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • protein metabolism
  • storage
  • intermediary metabolism
  • secretion
  • removal of RBC
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4
Q

What are hepatocytes ?

A
  • large polyhedral epithelial cells, round nuclei, perminant nucleoli
  • more than half contain twice the normal complement of chromosomes
  • binucleate cells are common
  • constantly porduce bile
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5
Q

How is the liver organised?

A
  • into lobules
  • which divide into hepatic sinusoids
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6
Q

What is a lobules?

A

Basic structural unit of liver, lobules made up of hepatic sinusoids

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7
Q

What are hepatic sinusoids?

A

Low-resistance system of vascular channels allowing blood to come in contact with hepatocytes over huge area

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8
Q

What does the portal tract consist of?

A

Portal vein
Atria
Bile duct

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9
Q

Hepatic lobule blood flow

A
  • From portal vein and hepatic artery in portal tract to central hepatic veins
  • slow flow along sinusoids lined with fenestrated endothelial cells
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10
Q

What does the close associaton of blood to hepatocytes allow for?

A

Absorption of nutrients and secretion fo hepatic porducts

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11
Q

What are the additional cells lining sinusoids?

A

Kuppfer cells
Hepatic stellate cells

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12
Q

What are Kuppfer cells

A
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13
Q

What are hepatic stellate cells?

A
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14
Q

By what cells is bile produced?

A

By all hepatocytes - groces in plasma membrane of hepatocytes form bile canliculi - fuse to form canals of hering

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15
Q

What is bile

A
  • acids in lipid digestion in small intestine
  • contains water, bile salts, cholesterol, bilirubin
  • synthesised by all hepatocytes
  • secreted into canaliculi formed by plasma membranes of adjacent hepatocytes
  • contain ATPase which suggests bile secretion is energy dependent
  • contain alkaline phosphatase
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16
Q

name the billary tree

A

Bile caniculi -> canals of hering -> bile ductules -> bile ducts -> hepatic duct -> common bile duct -> ampulla of vater -> duodenum

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17
Q

what do intrahepatic bile collecting systems merge into?

A

Single large common hepatic duct

18
Q

What is the common hepatic duct joined by when leaving the liver?

A

Cystic duct which drains gall bladder, forms common bile duct

19
Q

What is the gall bladder?

A

Muscular sac lined by simple columnar epithelium
100 mL capacity in human

20
Q

Why is it useful to consider different zones along sinusoids?

A

Different funcitons have different oxygen requirements

21
Q

Which zone is nearest to the hepatic vein?

A

Zone 3

22
Q

Which zone is nearest to the portal vein?

A

Zone 1(highest oxygen levels)

23
Q

What is the pancreas

A

Soft organ sitting high in the stomach

24
Q

What are the funcitons of the pancreas

A

Hetrocrine functions
1. Endocrine (1%) - islet of langerhans- blood sugar regulating
2. Exocrine (99%) - digestion

25
Q

Acinar cells

A

Panacreatic juice

26
Q

What is the oancreatic juice made up of, what is its funciton

A
27
Q

What do alpha cells produce?

A
28
Q

What do beta cells produce?

A
29
Q

How is hormone regulation of pancreatic secretion done?

A
  • continous but rate modulated by hormonal and nervous influences
30
Q

What is secretin

A
31
Q

what is CCK

A
32
Q

What is gastrin

A
33
Q

What enzymes are contained in the pancreatic juice

A
34
Q

Why doesnt the pancreas digest itself?

A
  • enzymes secreted as proenzymes (zygmogens)
  • trysinogen acitvated by enteropeptidase in duodenum
    Tryspin activtes proenzymes
  • trypsin can be inacticated
35
Q

How do pancreatic acini look like?

A
36
Q
A

Lumen (acini)
Intercalated duct
Intralobular duct
Interlobular duct

37
Q

What pancreatic cell types make zymogens

A

Acinar cells

38
Q

Where do pancreatic juices enter the intestine?

A

Duodenum

39
Q

Which ell of the exocrine pancreas make somatostatin?

A

Delta

40
Q

Where are the endocrine cells of the pancreas located?

A

Islets of Langerhans

Tissue biology (8 decks)

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