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Tissue biology > Week 4 salivary gland > Flashcards

Week 4 salivary gland Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe minor glands

A

Secrete continuously and are under local control - keep thinks lubricated

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2
Q

When do major glands secrete?

A

In response to parasympathetic activity which is induced by physical, chemical and psychological stimuli

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3
Q

How much saliva does a human produce a day?

A

600-1500ml

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4
Q

What is contained in hypotonic watery secretion?

A
  • mucus
  • enzymes (amylase,lipase,lysozyme)
  • antibodies (lgA)
  • inorganic ions
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5
Q

What will the composition of saliva depend on?

A

Which glands is most active

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6
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  • lubrication
  • buffering
  • maintaining tooth integrity
  • antibacterial function
  • taste and digestion
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7
Q

What does amylase digest?

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

What is the function of salivary mucous?

A

Lubrication, teeth protection

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9
Q

How are salivary glands innervated?

A

Directly, indirectly, sympathetically, parasympathetically

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10
Q

Nerves involved in innervation

A

Parotid gland - otic ganglion
Tongue - glossopharyngeal nerve
Tongue connected to glands via cranial nerves

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11
Q

What evokes a lot of saliva?

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

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12
Q

What carries the parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands?

A

Cranial nerves

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13
Q

What influences saliva production?

A

Sight of food
Chewing
Gender
Mood
Taste

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14
Q

How does the parotid gland receive its parasympathetic input?

A

From the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) via the otic ganglion

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15
Q

By what nerve do the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input from?

A

Facial nerve (CN7) via submandibular ganglion

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16
Q

Via what nerves does direct sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands come from?

A

Preganglionic nerves

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17
Q

What happens to the blood flow to secretory acini during salivary secretion?

A

Increased via parasympathetic stimulation and ultrafiltration from plasma (mostly serous fluid) enters the acini

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18
Q

What happens to the filtrate from cells?

A
  • enters lumen of acinar cells
  • mixing with secreted mucus and alpha-amylase
  • creates primary secretion
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19
Q

How and where is the primary secretion modified?

A
  • passed through the ducts in the mouth
  • lingual lipase (secreted form vin Ebner glands of the tongue) added to saliva in mouth
20
Q

name the main types of secretory cells

A
  • serous cells
  • mucous cells
21
Q

What other gastrointestinal cell type is similar to serous cells in salivary glands?

A

Chief cells - produce pepsin - digestive enzymes

22
Q

Describe serous cells

A
  • zymogen granules: enzyme-containing and found apically
  • nucei basally located rounded with dispersed chromatin
23
Q

Describe mucous cells

A
  • mucigen granules within these cells are poorly stained
  • nuclei characteristically are flattened against basement membrane
24
Q

Where can a serous demilune be found and what is it?

A

In mixed secretory units, where mucous cells predominate, a semilunar cap of serous cells is seen - serous demilune

25
Q

where is mucous cells also found in?

A

Oesophageal submucosal glands

26
Q

What does the salivary secretory unit consist of?

A

Terminal branched tubulo-acinar strcture

27
Q

What type of cells can make up a terminal branched tubulo-acinar structure?

A

Serous, mucous secretory cells or a mixture of both

28
Q

What and where is serous demilunes?

A
  • in mixed secretory units where mucous cells predominate, serous cells often form serous demilunes
29
Q

What is the job of myoepithelial cells?

A

Surround the secretory units to push saliva through

30
Q

What lines intercalated ducts?

A

Secretory cells

31
Q

What do intercalated ducts drain into?

A

Striated ducts

32
Q

What creates striations?

A

Presence of interdigitations of the basal cytoplasmic processes of columnar lining cells

33
Q

What do serous cells secrete?

A

A fluid isotonic with plasma

34
Q

What happens in the striated ducts?

A

Ions are reabsorbed and secreted to produce hypotonic saliva containing less Na+/Cl- and more K+/HCO3- than plasma

35
Q

What do mitochondria do in this process?

A

Pack the basal processes, provide the energy for ion transport

36
Q

What is the pattern of the general architecture of the major salivary glands?

A

Pattern of the parotid gland

37
Q

What is the gland divided into?

A

Numerous lobules, each containing many secretory units

38
Q

Connective tissue septa radiate between…

A

Lobules from an outer capsule and carry blood vessels, nerves, large excretory ducts

39
Q

What does the parotid gland consist of?

A

Mainly serous secretory units which are darkly stained in H&E

40
Q

What do serous cells have?

A
  • numerous zymogen granules - strongly stained cytoplasmic granules containing proteins
  • nuclei rounded with dispersed chromatin, usually occupy a more central position within the cell
41
Q

what are striated ducts?

A
  • lined by tall columnar cells with large nuceli located towards the apex of the cell
42
Q

Why is the basal cytoplasm striated in striated ducts?

A

Due to basal interdigitations of adjacent cells and columns of mitochondria

43
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A

Surround the acini and force the secretions form the acinar lumen into the duct system

44
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells located?

A

Located between basal plasma cell membranes of secretory cells and the basement membrane

45
Q

How do myoepithelial cells look like?

A

Flattened cell with long cell processed which extend around the acinus

46
Q
A

Tissue biology (8 decks)

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