Week 5: Hematology Flashcards
blood is composed of
plasma, plasma protiens, blood cells
blood cells are
RBC, WBC, and platelets
erythrocytes are responsible for
gas transport to and from tissue cells and lungs
anemia
not a disease but a symptoms of any number of different disorders
pernicious anemia
absence of intrinsic factor
pernicious anemia CM
Normal Hgb = 120-180 mg/dL When hemoglobin has dropped 70 mg/dL, classic symptoms are: Weakness Fatigue Difficulty walking
pernicious anemia dx & tx
Dx based on blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, serologic tests, gastric biopsy, CM and Schilling test
Untreated PA is fatal
Tx is monthly injections of vitamin B12 , weekly until blood values normal (5-6/52)
Now looking at oral preparations
most common type of anemia
iron deficient anemia
risk populations for IDA
people in poverty, childbearing women, and children
IDA dx & tx
bone marrow biopsy, blood test
tx is iron supps
polycythemia
excess of rbcs
relative polycythemia
due to dehydration
absolute secondary polycythemia
physiologic response to hypoxia
polycythemia survival
Without treatment, 50% die in 19 months, with treatment, survival of 10-15 years is common
infectious mononucleosis
Acute, self-limiting neoplastic lymphoproliferative clinical syndrome - acute infection of B lymphocytes (beta cells)
cause of IM
Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus
IM CM
fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy of cervical lymph nodes
thrombocytopenia
dec. in circulating platelets - can inc. potential for hemorrhage and spontaneous bleeding
drugs that can inhibit platelet function
ASA, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin Penicillin, cephalosporins Nitroglycerin, propranolol, diltiazem Tricyclic antidepressants Benadryl
disseminated intravascular coagulation
- A cyclic disorder in which massive intravascular coagulation is triggered at the cellular level, producing microthrombi
- The microthrombi block the microvascular system, using up clotting factors and platelets as well as causing widespread tissue ischemia
DIC points
microthrombi > block microvascular system > fibrin system activated > lyse of clots > clotting is inhibited
AIDS dx
serologically negative serologically positive but asymptomatic early stage HIV disease AIDS lymphoma of brain and <60 years lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and <13 years persistent lymphadenopathy weight loss recurrent fevers neurologic abnormalities
avg time from infection to full blown AIDS
10 YEARS
