Week 5: Hematology

Question 1

blood is composed of

Answer 1

plasma, plasma protiens, blood cells

Question 2

blood cells are

Answer 2

RBC, WBC, and platelets

Question 3

erythrocytes are responsible for

Answer 3

gas transport to and from tissue cells and lungs

Question 4

anemia

Answer 4

not a disease but a symptoms of any number of different disorders

Question 5

pernicious anemia

Answer 5

absence of intrinsic factor

Question 6

pernicious anemia CM

Answer 6

Normal Hgb = 120-180 mg/dL
When hemoglobin has dropped 70 mg/dL, classic symptoms are: 
Weakness
Fatigue
Difficulty walking

Question 7

pernicious anemia dx & tx

Answer 7

Dx based on blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, serologic tests, gastric biopsy, CM and Schilling test
Untreated PA is fatal
Tx is monthly injections of vitamin B12 , weekly until blood values normal (5-6/52)
Now looking at oral preparations

Question 8

most common type of anemia

Answer 8

iron deficient anemia

Question 9

risk populations for IDA

Answer 9

people in poverty, childbearing women, and children

Question 10

IDA dx & tx

Answer 10

bone marrow biopsy, blood test

tx is iron supps

Question 11

polycythemia

Answer 11

excess of rbcs

Question 12

relative polycythemia

Answer 12

due to dehydration

Question 13

absolute secondary polycythemia

Answer 13

physiologic response to hypoxia

Question 14

polycythemia survival

Answer 14

Without treatment, 50% die in 19 months, with treatment, survival of 10-15 years is common

Question 15

infectious mononucleosis

Answer 15

Acute, self-limiting neoplastic lymphoproliferative clinical syndrome - acute infection of B lymphocytes (beta cells)

Question 16

cause of IM

Answer 16

Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus

Question 17

IM CM

Answer 17

fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy of cervical lymph nodes

Question 18

thrombocytopenia

Answer 18

dec. in circulating platelets - can inc. potential for hemorrhage and spontaneous bleeding

Question 19

drugs that can inhibit platelet function

Answer 19

ASA, ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin
Penicillin, cephalosporins
Nitroglycerin, propranolol, diltiazem
Tricyclic antidepressants
Benadryl

Question 20

disseminated intravascular coagulation

Answer 20

• A cyclic disorder in which massive intravascular coagulation is triggered at the cellular level, producing microthrombi
• The microthrombi block the microvascular system, using up clotting factors and platelets as well as causing widespread tissue ischemia

Question 21

DIC points

Answer 21

microthrombi > block microvascular system > fibrin system activated > lyse of clots > clotting is inhibited

Question 22

AIDS dx

Answer 22

serologically negative
serologically positive but asymptomatic
early stage HIV disease
AIDS
lymphoma of brain and <60 years
lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis and <13 years
persistent lymphadenopathy
weight loss
recurrent fevers
neurologic abnormalities

Question 23

avg time from infection to full blown AIDS

Answer 23

10 YEARS