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CAM > week 5: fat-soluble vitamins > Flashcards

week 5: fat-soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 different forms of Vitamin A?

A

retinol, retinoid acid, retinal

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2
Q

vitamin A - what does the food derived from plants and animals provide?

A

animals: retinol
plants: beta-carotene

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3
Q

what is the RDA of vitaimin A for men & women?

A

men - 900mg/day

women - 700mg/day

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4
Q

what is the upper level of vitamin A

A

3000mg/day

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5
Q

what is the stability of vitamin A?

A

sensitive to oxidants, light, heat, acid

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6
Q

what are the sources of vitamin A (retinol & beta-carotene)

A

retinol: milk, cheese, cream, fortified milk, eggs, liver, fortified margarine, butter
beta-carotene: spinach, broccoli, dark green leafy vegetables, orange fruits, carrots

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7
Q

what are the roles/functions of vitamin A? ( 5 points)

A
  • promoting vision
  • important for bone & tooth growth
  • important for fertility & reproduction
  • essential for proper immune functions
  • maintenance of cornes, epithelial cells, mucous membrane, skin
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8
Q

what are the deficiency of vitamin A

A
  • night blindness
  • delayed children’s growth & development
  • xerophthalmia
  • dry & rough skin
  • destruction of epithelial tissue
  • impared immune functions -> frequent infections
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9
Q

what are the chronic toxicity symptoms of vitamin A?

A

birth defects, reduce bone density, liver abnormality

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10
Q

what are the acute toxicity symptoms of vitamin A?

A

blurred vision, nausea, vomitting, increase intercranial pressure, vertigo, headache, muscle incoordination

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11
Q

what is the toxicity of beta-carotene of vitamin A?

A

discolouration of skin

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12
Q

what is the AI and UL for Vitamin D?

A

adult: 15-20mg/day, 50mg/day

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13
Q

what is the stability of vitamin D?

A

sensitive to oxidant, acid, light

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14
Q

what is the 2 major forms of Vitamin D?

A

cholecallciferol, ergocalciferol

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15
Q

what are the sources of Vitamin D?

A
  • available in vitamin supplements
  • fortified milk, butter, margarine, cereals, chocolate mixes
  • mushrooms
  • beef, egg yolk, liver, oily fish, cod liver oils
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16
Q

what is the role/function of vitamin D?

A
  • support immune system
  • regulation of metabolism of calcium & phosphorus
  • mineralisation of bones for normal bone development & maintenance
17
Q

what is the deficiency diseases of vitamin D?

A
  • soft, weak bones = bone deformities
  • rickets in children ( bowing of legs)
  • osteomalacia in adults
  • osteoporosis -> soft & brittle bones
18
Q

what is the symptoms of osteomalacia in adults?

A
  • pain in pelvis, lower back, legs

- loss of calcium = soft, flexible & deformed bones

19
Q

what is the toxicity symptoms of vitamin D?

A
  • elevated blood calcium

- clarification of soft tissues

20
Q

what is vitamin D also known as ?

A

calciferol

21
Q

what is vitamin E also known as?

A

alpha-tocopherol

22
Q

what is the RDA & UL for vitamin E?

A

adults: 15mg/day, 1000mg/day

23
Q

what is the stability of vitamin E?

A

easily destroyed by heat & oxygen

24
Q

what is the role/function of vitamin E

A

antioxidants

25
Q

functions of vitamin E - elaborate on antioxidantswhat are thes

A
  • stabilisation of cell membranes
  • regulation of oxidation reaction
  • protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids & vitamin A
26
Q

what are the sources of vitamin E

A

polyunsaturated plant oils, vegetables, wheat germ & whole grain, nuts & seeds, liver, egg yolk, butter

27
Q

what are the deficiency symptoms of vitamin E

A
  • hemolysis

- nerve damage

28
Q

what are the toxicity symptoms of vitamin E?

A

bleeding

29
Q

what is the AI of vitamin K?

A

men: 120mg/day
women: 90mg/day

30
Q

what is the stability of vitamin K?

A

sensitive to oxidant & light

31
Q

what are the sources of vitamin K?

A
  • bacterial synthesis in digestive tract
  • leafy green vegetables
  • cabbage-type vegetables
    soybean & canola oil
  • liver, milk
32
Q

what is the role/function of vitamin K?

A
  • maintain bone health

- conversion certain coagulation factors into their active forms to promote blood clotting

33
Q

what is the deficiency symptom of vitamin K?

A

hemorrage

34
Q

what is vitamin K also known as?

A

phylioquinones, menaquinones

CAM (12 decks)

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