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CAM > week 1: overview of nutrition > Flashcards

week 1: overview of nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

define “foods”

A

products derived from plants or animals that can be taken into the body to yield energy and nutrients for the maintenance of life and the growth and repair of tissues

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2
Q

define “nutrients”

A

substances from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life

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3
Q

define “diet”

A

the foods and beverages a person eats and drinks daily

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4
Q

define “nutrition”

A

study of nutrients in foods and their actions within the body

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5
Q

what causes chronic diseases?

A

poor diet and less active profile

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6
Q

what are some threatening chronic diseases?

A

obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, some cancers

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7
Q

what are the characteristics of nutrients?

A
  1. has a specific biological function
  2. absence will cause a decline in human biological function
  3. reintroduction before permanent damage occurs will restore the otherwise impaired biological function
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8
Q

what are examples of macronutrients?

A

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids

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9
Q

what are examples of micronutrients?

A

vitamins and minerals

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10
Q

what is the kcal/g of carbo, proteins, fats?

A

carbo - 4
proteins - 4
fats - 9

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11
Q

why does the body need food energy?

A
  • build new compounds
  • perform muscular movement
  • promote nerve transmission
  • maintain ion balance within cells
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12
Q

what is the AMDR percentage for carbo, protein, fats?

A

carbo -> 45 - 65%
protein -> 10 - 35%
fats -> 20 - 35%

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13
Q

how to calculate food energy?

A

(carbo x4) + (protein x4) + (fats x9)

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14
Q

what are empty calories?

A
  • calories from solid fats &/or added sugar
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15
Q

what does food with empty calories do?

A

supply energy but few or no other nutrients

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of empty calories?

A

sugar, fats, alcoholic drinks

17
Q

what are the values that make up DRI?

A
  1. EAR
  2. RDA
  3. AI
    tolerable upper intake level (UL)
18
Q

what is EAR?

A
  • Estimated Average Requirement
  • amount of a nutrient intake that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy people in a group of a given age and gender
19
Q

what is RDA?

A
  • Recommended Dietary Allowance
  • the average daily amounts of nutrients considered to be sufficient to meet nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy people
20
Q

what is AI?

A
  • Adequate Intake

- a value that is used as a guide for nutrient intake when evidence is insufficient to determine an RDA

21
Q

what is tolerable upper intake level (UL)?

A
  • maximum daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause an adverse health effects
22
Q

who is UL targeted to?

A

healthy people and may not be appropriate for people with diseases of varying nutrient needs

23
Q

what does percent daily value on the nutrition facts label serve as?

A

a guide to the nutrients in1 serving of food

24
Q

describe DRI vs %DV

A

DRI
- establishes the guideliness for how much of each nutrient that healthy people need
- includes 4 groups of detailed info
%DV
- shows how much a nutrient in a serving of a food contributes to a total daily diet
- helps you to determine if a serving of food is high or low in nutrient

25
Q

what is energy density?

A

a measurement that describes the calories content of a food

26
Q

what is the formula to calculate energy density?

A

energy density = calories / grams (food weight)

27
Q

describe weight loss in energy density

A
  • to eat low energy dense foods
  • to eat a greater volume of food that is lower in calories
  • help people to feel fuller on fewer calories
28
Q

what are some examples of high ED foods?

A

ice-cream, cheese, bacon, sweets, peanut butter

29
Q

what are some examples of low ED foods?

A

vegetable, fruits, fish, egg whites, whole grains

30
Q

what is nutrient density?

A

a measure of nutrient a food provides relative to the energy it provides

31
Q

what does higher nutrient density mean?

A

more nutrients and fewer calories

32
Q

what are the types of nutrients?

A

essential and non-esssential

33
Q

what is essential nutrients?

A
  • cannot be made by body in sufficient amounts

- must consume in diet

34
Q

what is non-essential nutrients?

A
  • made by body

- does not have to be consumed

CAM (12 decks)

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