week 3: macronutrients - proteins Flashcards
what are the functions of proteins in body? (8 points)
- acts as building material for growth & maintenance
- acts as enzymes to facilitate chemical reactions
- maintain fluid balance in blood system
- maintain blood acid-base balance
- antibodies for immune function
- hormones to regulate some body processes
- transportes to carry nutrients/molecules around the body
- source of energy & glucose during starvation
what is protein biological value ?
- measurement of protein quality
- to measure how efficient the body utilises protein consumed in diet
what are the sources of proteins?
eggs, meat & poultry, fish, dairy product, soy product, nuts, legumes, grains, some vege
what is high-quality protein/ complete protein?
foods that supply all essential aa in the proportions required by body
what is low-quality protein/ incomplete protein?
food that lack adequate amounts of one or more essential aa
what are the examples of high and low protein quality?
high - meat, eggs, poultry, fish, dairy products, soy protein, chia seeds
low - nuts, legumes, grains, some vege
what is complementary proteins?
2 or more proteins whose aa assortments complement each other in such a way that essential aa missing from one are supplied by the other
what are the examples of complementary proteins?
- bean & rice
- pasta with beans
- peanut butter on bread
what are the health benefits of vegetarian diet?
- weight control
- lower b.p
- lower cholesterol level
- lower incidence of heart disease
- lower rate of certain cancers (colorectal, prostrate cancer)
what are the health risks of vegetarian diet?
can cause vitamins/mineral deficiencies in vegetarians
what are the dietary reccomendations for vegetarians
- choose variety of foods
- choose whole, unrefined foods often & minimise the intake of highly sweetened, fatty & heavily refined foods
- choose variety of foods & vege
- if animal foods are used, choose lower-fat dairy products & use both eggs & dairy products in moderation
what is the calculation for recommended intakes of protein?
weight x 0.8g/kg
what is Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM)?
people who are derived from protein and energy
what are the 2 types of PEM?
marasmus & kwashiorkor
what causes marasmus?
severe defieciency of all nutreinets such as protein, energy, vitamins, minerals
