Week 5- beyone phonemes Flashcards
What does the term syllable refer to?
the rhythmic properties of a word
How do we represent syllables in our transcription?
by using . as a boundary marker /sɪ.lə.bəl.strʊ.ktʃə/
What is syllabification?
the process of allotting segmental (= phonemes) information to syllable
What is sonority?
the degree of airflow obstruction and voicing that occurs during phonation
What do C and V stand for?
Consonant, vowel
What is the onset?
any consonants preceding the vowel
What is the coda?
are any consonants following the nucleus
What is the nucleus?
a vowel (the exceptions are syllabic consonants)
What is the maximal onset principal?
within a given consonant cluster that may be syllabified m more than one way, the consonants will be assigned maximally to the onset of the following syllable rather than to the preceding rhyme position
What is the structure of light syllables?
syllable with the form CV
What is the structure of heavy syllables?
anything other than CV
eg: CVV, CVC, CVVC
What do syllable structure representations tell us?
How many phonemes (timing) • What kind of phonemes (C or V) • Relationships between them
What is graphology?
The study of systems of written symbols in their relation to spoken languages
What is a grapheme?
smallest contrastive unit in written language capable of changing meaning
What is logographic writing?
where the graphemes represent words. eg: Chinese
What is alphabetic writing?
symbols represent consonants and vowels e.g.
Roman alphabet
What is an abjad writing system?
a type of writing system where each symbol stands for a consonant, leaving the reader to supply the appropriate vowel. eg: Arabic
What is a syllabic writing system?
A phonographic writing system in which each symbol represents roughly one syllable of the language. eg: Cherokee
What is a constituent?
a constituent is a word or a group of words that functions as a single unit within a hierarchical structure.
What is primary stress?
the loudest syllable in the word. In one-syllable words, that one syllable has the primary stress (except for a handful of short function words like the, which might not have any stress at all). Primary stress is marked in IPA by putting a raised vertical line [ˈ’] at the beginning of the syllable.
What is secondary stress?
syllables which aren’t completely unstressed, but aren’t as loud as the primary stress. Secondary stress is marked with a lowered vertical line [ˌ,] at the beginning of the syllable.
syllabary writing system
A syllabary is a phonetic writing system consisting of symbols representing syllables. A syllable is often made up of a consonant plus a vowel or a single vowel.
eg: inikitut
semanto-phonetic writing system
symbols resemble meaning and also represent
sound e.g. Chinese
