week 5 - AUTONOMIC SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

5 regions of the spinal cord

A

cranial, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

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2
Q

how many cranial nerves in each region

A

cranial = 8
thoracic = 12
lumbar = 5
sacral = 5
coccygeal = 1

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3
Q

where does spinal cord end in adults and children

A

L1 + L2 adults and L4 in children

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4
Q

where does spinal cord terminate

A

conus modularise

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5
Q

where is spinal cord anchored

A

coccyx by the filum terminale

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6
Q

dorsal roots

A

contain axons of sensory neurons

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7
Q

ventral roots

A
  • contain axons of motor neurons
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8
Q

spinal nerves

A

formed by united ventral and dorsal roots and are classified as mixed nerves

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9
Q

both dorsal and ventral roots

A
  • connected to the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal regions
  • emerge from the vertebral column to form the peripheral nerves
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10
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons

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11
Q

protection of the spinal cord

A
  • vertebral column
  • cerebrospinal fluid (also nourishes neural tissue and removes waste products)
  • spinal meninges
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12
Q

structure of spinal meninges

A
  1. pia meter
  2. arachnoid mater
  3. dura mater
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13
Q

internal anatomy of spinal cord

A

divided into the posterior (dorsal) median sulcus and anterior (ventral) median fissure

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14
Q

gray and white comissue

A

the site where axons cross from one side of the CNS to another
- part of gray matter of spinal cord

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15
Q

gray matter of spinal cord

A

composed of mostly neuron cell bodies - unmyelinated axons

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16
Q

structure + sensory function of gray matter of the spinal cord

A

posterior grey horns (sensory nuclei) - lateral grey horns (autonomic motor nuclei) - anterior grey horns (somatic motor nuclei)

17
Q

sensory nuclei of gray horns

A
  1. posterior gray horns = interneurons
  2. anterior gray horns = lower motor neurons
  3. lateral gray horns = preganglionic neurons
18
Q

spinal reflexes

A
  • gray matter = site of spinal reflexes
  • receptor, sensory neuron, integration centre (spinal cord), motor neuron, effector, muscle or gland
19
Q

white matter of spinal cord

A
  • conduction highway
  • composed of myelinated axons
  • subdivided into white columns
20
Q

structures of white columns

A
  • posterior white columns
  • lateral white columns
  • anterior white columns
  • anterior white commissure
21
Q

spinal cord tracts of white matter

A

ascending tracts: sensory input to the brain
descending tracts: motor output away from the brain

22
Q

ascending spinal cord tracts

A

fasciculus gracilis - fasciculus cuneatus (posterior white columns)
lateral spinothalamic - anterior spinocerebellar - posterior spinocerebellar (lateral white columns) anterior spinothalamic (anterior white columns)

23
Q

descending spinal cord tracts

A

lateral corticospinal tracts (lateral white columns)
anterior corticospinal tracts (anterior white columns)

24
Q

descending spinal cord tracts

A

lateral corticospinal tracts (lateral white columns)
anterior corticospinal tracts (anterior white columns)

25
Q

damage to the posterior horns or ascending spinal cord tracts

A

loss of sensation

26
Q

damage to the anterior gray horns or corticospinal tracts

A

muscle weakness or paralysis

27
Q

somatosensory pathways (sensory)

A
  • conduct general sensory input from receptors to the brain
  • spinothalamic pathway, posterior column pathway, spinocerebellar pathway
28
Q

spinothalamic pathway

A

conducts sensations of crude touch, deep pressure, pain and temperature
- first second and third-order neurons
- lateral/anterior spinothalamic tracts

29
Q

posterior column pathway

A

conduct sensations of fine touch, light pressure, vibration and proprioception
- first, second and third order neurons
- fasciculus gracilis + fasciculus cuneatus tracts

30
Q

spinocerebellar pathway

A

conducts sensations of proprioception
- first and second-order neurons
- spinocerebellar tracts (anterior and posterior)

31
Q

somatic motor pathways

A

lateral corticospinal pathway - anterior corticospinal pathway

32
Q

lateral corticospinal pathway

A

conducts somatic motor output from the primary motor cortex to skeletal muscles (limbs)
- lateral corticospinal tracts
- lower motor and upper motor neurons

33
Q

anterior corticospinal pathway

A

somatic motor output to skeletal muscles (trunk)
- anterior corticospinal tracts
- lower motor and upper motor neurons