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BIOSCIENCE > week 4 > Flashcards

week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

gyrus + sulcus

A

cover entire surface of cerebrum which increases SA = more neurons

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2
Q

lobes of the cerebrum

A

frontal lobe - temporal lobe - occipital lobe - parietal lobe - insula

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3
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer region of gray matter -

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4
Q

basal nuclei

A

structure: islands of grey matter within the white matter
function: communication with motor areas of cerebral cortex to facilitate smooth skeletal muscle movements (dopamine)

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5
Q

cerebral white matter

A

communication railway of the brain

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6
Q

cerebral cortex

A
  • outer grey matter (ridges of cerebrum)
  • motor, sensory and association areas
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7
Q

primary motor cortex

A

located: frontal lobe (first at top)
function: generates somatic motor output that stimulates skeletal muscle movements

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8
Q

frontal eye field

A

located: frontal lobe (after premotor cortex)
function: controls voluntary eye movements

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9
Q

brocas area

A

located: frontal lobe (last one down in the middle)
function: controls the muscles involved in speech production

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10
Q

premotor cortex

A

located: frontal lobe (after PMC)
function: controls skills motor activities of a complex nature (tying a bow)

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11
Q

primary somatosensory cortex

A

located: start of the parietal lobe
function: receives general sensory information (touch, pain, vibration, pressure, temperature, proprioception)

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12
Q

somatosensory association area

A

location: after PSC in the parietal lobe
function: receives general sensory input from PSC - interprets input and compares to stores memories to be able to recognise an object by touch alone

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13
Q

visual cortex

A

located: occipital lobe (under association area)
function: receives input detected by photo receptors

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14
Q

visual association area

A

located: occipital lobe (above visual cortex)
function: interprets visual input - allows us to recognise what we see

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15
Q

auditory cortex

A

located: temporal lobe (in the middle)
function: receives sound input detected by the hair cells in the ear to produce and locate sounds

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16
Q

auditory association area

A

structure: temporal lobe (in the middle)
function: interprets auditory input which allows us to recognise sounds due to stored memories

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17
Q

gustatory cortex

A

located: insula
function: perceives taste sensations

18
Q

visceral cortex

A

located: insula
function: perceives visceral sensations

19
Q

vestibular cortex

A

located: insula
function: awareness of balance

20
Q

olfactory cortex

A

located: insula
function: perceives different odours

21
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

located: left temporal lobe
function: comprehends written and spoken language

22
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

located: the whole frontal lobe
function: is responsible for our intellect, complex learning abilities, personality and behaviours

23
Q

cerebellum

A

located: under the cerebrum
function: ensures smooth, coordinated skeletal muscle movements and maintains posture and balance

24
Q

diencephalon

A

thalamus, hypothalamus and epithalamus

25
Q

thalamus

A

located: on top
function: relay station for information coming into the cerebral cortex

26
Q

hypothalamus

A

located: left of the thalamus
function: control activities of the autonomic NS (hormones and involuntary)

27
Q

epithalamus

A

located: right of hypothalamus
function: includes pineal gland = produces melatonin = induces sleep

28
Q

limbic system

A
  • establishes and controls emotions
  • formation of long-term memories
29
Q

structure of the spinal cord (top to bottom)

A

thalamus - midbrain - pons - medulla oblongata - spinal cord

30
Q

midbrain

A
  • visual and auditory reflex centre
  • contains substancia nigra - produces dopamine
31
Q

pons

A

contains cranial nuclei involved in taste, chewing, eye movements, hearing, balance and facial sensations and expressions (face)

32
Q

medulla oblongata

A

control the cardiovascular and respiratory centre

33
Q

reticular formation

A

contains the reticular activating system = maintains consciousness

34
Q

how cranium protects the brain

A
  • forms a protective helmet
  • encloses brain to protect from mechanical forces
35
Q

how meninges protect the brain

A
  • 3 connective tissue membranes that cover the external surface of the brain to protect from mechanical forces
    (pia mater - arachnoid mater - dura mater - separated by subdural and subarachnoid space)
36
Q

how CFS protects the brain

A
  • CFS produced in the ventricles
  • shock absorption to protect from mechanical forces
  • floats the brain reducing its weight
  • diffusion medium (supplies neural tissue with nutrients and removes waste)
37
Q

how the blood-brain barrier protects the brain

A
  • protects neural tissue from harmful substances and pathogens
  • makes the brain capillaries the least permeable in the body
  • selective barrier
38
Q

arteries from neck to cranium

A

vertebral arteries - internal carotid arteries

39
Q

cerebrum arteries (carotid)

A
  1. internal carotid artery (L+R)
  2. middle cerebral artery (L+R)
  3. anterior cerebral artery (L+R)
40
Q

cerebrum arteries (vertebral)

A
  1. basilar artery
  2. posterior cerebral artery (L+R)
41
Q

cerebral arterial circle

A
  • right and left anterior cerebral arteries
    • an anterior communicating artery (connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries)
    • right and left internal carotid arteries
    • right and left posterior cerebral arteries
      right and left posterior communicating arteries
42
Q

venous circulation

A
  • cerebral veins drain deoxygenated blood into the dural sinuses surrounding the brain
  • then directed back to the heart

BIOSCIENCE (10 decks)

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