week 1

Question 1

levels of human structure

Answer 1

atoms, molecules, macromolecules, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism

Question 2

endocrine system

Answer 2

function: regulation of body processes through hormone production
organs: adrenal glands, pituitary glans, pancreas

Question 3

nervous system

Answer 3

function: processing centre for sensory input, using the input to elicit appropriate responses
organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 4

respiratory system

Answer 4

function: gas exchange between the internal and external environment
organs: lungs, nose, mouth, windpipe

Question 5

cardiovascular system

Answer 5

function: circulation of blood which transports gases, nutrients, hormones and waste
organs: heart, veins, arteries, capillaries

Question 6

digestive system

Answer 6

function: physical and chemical breakdown of food to allow absorption of nutrients
organs: intestines, stomach, rectum, mouth

Question 7

lymphatic system

Answer 7

function: circulation of lymph which maintains fluid balance and helps fight infection
organs: lymph nodes, spleen, thymus

Question 8

reproductive system

Answer 8

function: production of reproductive cells that will generate offspring
organs: ovaries, uterus, cervix, vagina

Question 9

urinary system

Answer 9

function: filtration of blood and excretion of wastes from the body
organs: kidneys, uterus, bladder

Question 10

integumentary system

Answer 10

function: protection against the external environment and regulation of temperature
organs: skin, nails, hair associated glands

Question 11

skeletal system

Answer 11

function: support and protection of many internal organs
organs: bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Question 12

muscular system

Answer 12

function: voluntary and involuntary movement
organs: muscles, soft tissue, tendons

Question 13

intercellular fluid

Answer 13

fluid inside cells (40% body weight)

Question 14

extracellular fluid

Answer 14

fluid outside cells (20% body weight)

Question 15

interstitial fluid

Answer 15

fluid between cells

Question 16

plasma

Answer 16

fluid component of blood

Question 17

atoms

Answer 17

smallest units of an element

Question 18

molecule

Answer 18

2 or more atoms bonded together

Question 19

synthesis/anabolic reaction

Answer 19

small molecules/atoms built to larger molecules (amino acids-proteins)

Question 20

decomposition/catabolic reaction

Answer 20

large molecules broken down into smaller molecules/atoms (glycogen-glucose molecules)

Question 21

displacement

Answer 21

chemical bonds are both made and broken

Question 22

enzyme

Answer 22

catalyst that increases the rate of a reaction

Question 23

organic molecules

Answer 23

• contain BOTH carbon and oxygen
• more complex
• typically insoluble in water

Question 24

inorganic molecules

Answer 24

• do not contain BOTH carbon and oxygen
• simpler molecules
• ionic molecules

Question 25

electrolytes

Answer 25

substances that release ions in water

Question 26

acids

Answer 26

release H+ ions

Question 27

bases

Answer 27

releases ions that can bind H+ ions

Question 28

salts

Answer 28

releases ions that do not affect pH

Question 29

pH

Answer 29

a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

Question 30

basic/alkaline 7+

Answer 30

LESS hydrogen ions - HIGHER pH

Question 31

Acidic -7

Answer 31

MORE hydrogen ions - LOWER pH

Question 32

macromolecules

Answer 32

repeating units of monomers (polymers)

Question 33

carbohydrates

Answer 33

building blocks: simple sugars
biological function: provide energy for cells to function

Question 34

lipids

Answer 34

building blocks: fatty acids and glycerol
biological function:
- triglyceride: LTE storage of lipids
- phospholipids: cell membrane
- steroids: cholesterol

Question 35

nucleic acids

Answer 35

building blocks: nucleotides
biological function:
- DNA: hereditary information - encodes genes
- ATP: energy storage - cellular energy

Question 36

proteins

Answer 36

building blocks: amino acids
biological function: structure of proteins determines their function

Question 37

fibrous proteins

Answer 37

elongated - stable
structural proteins= keratin, collagen

Question 38

globular proteins

Answer 38

compact - chemically active
functional proteins= enzymes, hormones

Question 39

homeostasis

Answer 39

maintenance of a relatively stable conditions in the internal environment

Question 40

homeostatic control mechanism

Answer 40

stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control centre, efferent pathway (nervous, hormonal), effector, response

Question 41

negative feedback system

Answer 41

response negates the stimulus - stimulus returns back to normal range and response stops (sweating)

Question 42

positive feedback system

Answer 42

response amplifies the stimulus to keep a variable outside of normal range until a process is complete (childbirth)

Question 43

components of blood

Answer 43

plasma, buffy coat, haematocrit

Question 44

haematocrit

Answer 44

% of our blood volume that is comprised of red blood cells

Question 45

erythrocytes

Answer 45

• red blood cells
• biconcave shape allows the cell to be stackable, flexible and it has no organelles
• facilitate function of gas transport

Question 46

functions of the blood

Answer 46

• distribution of oxygen, CO2, hormones, nutrients and waste
• regulation of interstitial fluid, pH and body temperature
• protection through leukocytes (infection control) and platelets (blood clotting)

Question 47

how blood maintains homeostasis

Answer 47

regulation of the internal environment ensuring protein structure is maintained and cells can function correctly