Week 5 Flashcards
What is rule-based categorization?
categorizing objects or events according to a certain set of rules or by a specific set of features
What is graded membership?
the idea that some concepts make better category members compared to others
What is a semantic network?
an interconnected set of concepts and the links that join them to form a category
What is linguistic relativity?
the theory that the language we use determines how we understand (and categorize) the world
What are heuristics?
problem-solving strategies that stem from experience and provide an educated guess for what is mostly the solution
What is a conjunction fallacy?
reflects the mistaken belief that finding a specific member in two overlapping categories (i.e., a member of the conjunction of two categories) is more likely than finding any member of one of the larger, general categories.
What are representative heuristics?
making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents a specific category
What are availability heuristics?
entails estimating the frequency of an event based on how easily examples of it comes to mind
What is the anchoring effect?
occurs when an individual attempts to solve a problem involving numbers and uses previous knowledge to get to the answer
What is belief perserverance?
when an individual remains committed to their decision or belief even in the face of evidence against it
What are anthropometrics?
methods of measuring physical and mental variation in humans
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
a test intended to measure the innate levels of intelligence
What is raven’s progressive matrices?
an intelligence test that is based on pictures, not words, thus making it relatively unaffected by language or cultural background
What is the entity theory?
the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change
What is the incremental theory?
the belief that intelligence can be shaped by experience, practice and effort
