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PSYC 1000 DE > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define: dendrites

A

receive and transmit messages

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2
Q

Define: cell body

A

holds nucleus and genetic material

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3
Q

Define: axon

A

transports messages from head to tail

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4
Q

Define: axon terminal

A

bulb-like extensions that hold vesicles

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5
Q

Define: Neurotransmitters

A

allow neurons to communicate

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6
Q

Define: Sensory Neurons

A

Neural impulses go from body to brain

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7
Q

Define: Motor Neurons

A

Neural impulses that go from the brain to the body

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8
Q

What are glial cells?

A

specialized cells that mount immune responses in the brain, remove waste, and synchronize the activity of billions of neurons

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9
Q

What is the value for resting potential?

A

-70 mV

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10
Q

What is the refractory period?

A

the time where no neurons are firing in between action potentials

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11
Q

Describe the neurotransmitter glutamate.

A

excitatory neurotransmitter found in brains of vertebrates, regulates and autonomic nervous system reactions, and abnormal function can result in seizures

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12
Q

Describe the neurotransmitter GABA.

A

inhibits ability to generate action potentials, lowers arousal, anxiety and excitation, low levels result in epilepsy

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13
Q

Describe the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine.

A

important for voluntary movement and attention, change of ach. can result in alzheimers

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14
Q

Describe the function of the neurotransmitter Dopamine.

A

controls movement, reward seeking behaviour, cognition and attention

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15
Q

Describe the function of norepinephrine.

A

Regulates stress response; increases arousal, attention and heart rate, often used with epinephrine

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16
Q

Describe the function serotonin

A

regulates sleep, appetite, and mood; blocking serotonin reuptake decreases anxiety and depressionp

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17
Q

What are agonists?

A

drugs that mimic effects of a neurotransmitter

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18
Q

What are antagonists?

A

inhibits neurotransmitter activity

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19
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

to regulate basic biological needs and motivational systems

20
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

A

to produce hormone and send commands about hormone production

21
Q

What is the function of the adrenal gland?

A

to release stress hormones

22
Q

What is the location and function of the brainstem?

A

located in the hindbrain, consists of the medulla and the pons and regulates breathing, heart rate and wake/sleep

23
Q

What is the location and function of the cerebellum?

A

located in the hindbrain, monitors movement, maintains balance, and regulates emotional response

24
Q

What is the location and function of the superior colliculus?

A

midbrain; orients visual attention

25
Q

What is the location and function of the interior colliculus?

A

midbrain; orients auditory attention

26
Q

What is the location and function of the basil ganglia?

A

forebrain; regulates movements and reward processing

27
Q

What is the location and function of the amygdala?

A

forebrain; regulates emotion

28
Q

What is the location and function of the thalamus?

A

forebrain; relays sensory information to different areas of the brain

29
Q

What is the location and function of the occipital lobe?

A

cerebral cortex; visual processing

30
Q

What is the location and function of the parietal lobe?

A

cerebral cortex; sensory and bodily processing

31
Q

What is the location and function of the temporal lobe?

A

cerebral cortex; hearing, object recognition, language and emotion

32
Q

What is the location and function of the frontal lobe?

A

cerebral cortex; regulates thought, planning, language and movement

33
Q

Define: Neuroplasticity?

A

the capacity of the brain to change and rewire itself based on individual experience

34
Q

What is diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)?

A

measure white matter pathway in the brain

35
Q

What is transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

A

a procedure in which an electromagnetic pulse is delivered to a target region of the brain

36
Q

What is an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

A

a procedure that measures brain activity using electrodes attached to the brain

37
Q

What is a magnetoencephalography (MEG)?

A

a neuroimaging technique that measures the tiny magnetic fields created by the electrical activity of the nerve cells in the brain

38
Q

What is a positron emission tomography (PET)?

A

a low level of a radioisotope is injected into the blood and its movement to areas of the brain is measured

39
Q

What is a presynaptic cell?

A

a neuron that releases its neurotransmitter into the synapse

40
Q

What is a postsynaptic cell?

A

a neuron that receives neurotransmitters from the presynaptic cell

41
Q

What is the synaptic cleft?

A

the space between the axon terminal and the dendrite

42
Q

What is reuptake?

A

a process whereby neurotransmitter molecules that have been released into the synapse are reabsorbed into the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron

43
Q

What is the reticular formation and where is it located?

A

it is involved with attention and alertness and is located in the hindbrain medulla area

44
Q

What is the main function of the hindbrain?

A

facilitates basic, life-supporting processes

45
Q

What is the main function of the midbrain?

A

regulates sensory and motor attention

46
Q

What is the main function of the forebrain?

A

controls emotion, memory, thinking and reasoning

47
Q

What is the main function of the cerebral cortex?

A

monitors language and personality

PSYC 1000 DE (5 decks)

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