Week 5

Question 1

What is Routing?

Answer 1

Routing is the process of deciding what path to take from sender to receiver (packet forwarding). Usually there is more than one route possible; devices that perform routing must keep tables to make decisions about which path to send packets on to reach a given destination.

Question 2

Types of Routing?

Answer 2

1. Centralized routing
   routing decisions are made by one central computer. Centralized routing can be found on small, mainframe-based networks.
2. Distributed / Decentralized routing
   routing decisions are made independently at each routing node, although routers do exchange information.
   Two types of distributed routing:
   a. static routing
   b. dynamic routing

Question 3

Routing strategies?

Answer 3

1. Fixed
2. Flooding
3. Random
4. Adaptive

Question 4

Internetworking terms of End system and Intermediate system?

Answer 4

1. End system: device attached to one of the networks of an internet. support end-user applications or services
2. Intermediate system: device used to connect two networks; permits communication between end systems attached to different networks.

Question 5

Types of devices for interconnecting LAN?

Answer 5

1. Routers
2. Layer 2 switch
3. Layer 3 switch

Question 6

2 categories of Layer 3 switch?

Answer 6

1. Packet by Packet:
   - Operates the same way as traditional router
   - order of magnitude increase in performance
2. Flow-based switch
   - Tries to enhance performance by identifying flows of IP packets of same source and destination
   - done by observing ongoing traffic
   - once flow is identified, predefined route can be established

Question 7

What is Autonomous System?

Answer 7

Autonomous System is Group of routers / networks managed by single organization:

• exchange information
• common routing protocol

Question 8

Perbedaan antara Interior Routing Protocol dan Exterior Routing Protocol?

Answer 8

Interior Routing Protocol:

1. Routing protocols that operate within a network (called autonomous System) are called interior routing protocols
2. passes routing information between routers within AS
3. Routing algorithms and tables may differ between different AS

Exterior Routing Protocol:

1. used for operating outside of networks
2. more complex than interior routing because there are many more possible route
3. It cannot maintain tables of every single route and have to concentrate instead on the main route only.

Question 9

What is Routing Information Protocol (RIP) AND Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?

Answer 9

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employ the hop count as a routing metric.

OSFP has overtaken RIP as the most popular interior routing protocol on the internet. OSPF has the ability to incorporate traffic and error rate measures in its routing decisions.

Question 10

2 jenis dari Dynamic Routing Algorithms?

Answer 10

2 jenis dari Dynamic Routing Algorithms:

1. Distance Vector:
   - which uses the least number of hops to decide how to route a packet.
   - Each node exchange information with neighboring nodes
   - first generation routing algorithm for ARPANET
2. Link State
   - which uses a variety of information types and takes into account such factors as congestion and response time to decide how to route a packet.
   - Designed to overcome drawbacks of distance vector
   - when router initialized, it determines link cost on each interface.

Link sate routing algorithms more popular.