Week 5

Question 1

Wider Audience

Answer 1

Population beyond academics and reserchers

Question 2

Academic Journals

Answer 2

• Types of publications to which scientists and other scholars can submit articles
• Peer review is vital step in publishing process to ensure accuracy

Question 3

IMRaD

Answer 3

• Standard format for journal articles in science
• Used by most quantitative studies
• Qualitative studies can integrate the discussion and results sections

Question 4

APA Style

Answer 4

• A set of guidelines for writing in psychology
• Set down in the publication manual of the American Psychological Association

Question 5

Purpose of APA Style

Answer 5

• Facilitate the scientific community through clarity of expression
• Standardise the organisation and content of research articles

Question 6

Level 1 of APA Style

Answer 6

Sections of a research report

Question 7

Sections of a research report

Answer 7

• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Results
• Discussion
• References

Question 8

Level 2 of APA Style

Answer 8

High Level Style

Question 9

High Level Style

Answer 9

Guidelines in the APA publication manual for the clear expression of ideas including writing that is formal, straightforward and avoids biased language

Question 10

Formal Writing

Answer 10

No slang, humor or pop culture references

Question 11

Straightforward Writing

Answer 11

-Consists of short and direct sentences
- No literary jargon i.e. metaphor

Question 12

Bias

Answer 12

Avoid language that is biased to certain groups i.e. use sexual orientation instead of sexual preference

Question 13

Person First Approach

Answer 13

Avoid using terms that identify people with a disorder i.e. use people diagnosed with schizophrenia instead of schizophrenics

Question 14

Section 3 of APA Style

Answer 14

Low Level Style

Question 15

Low Level Style

Answer 15

All the specific guidelines pertaining to spelling, grammar, references, statistics etc.

Question 16

DOI

Answer 16

-Digital Object Identifier
- Provides a permanent link to the location of the article on the internet
-

Question 17

Reference Citation

Answer 17

An in text citation to the work in which the idea originally appeared and and a full reference to that work in the reference list

Question 18

What must be Cited

Answer 18

• Phenomena discovered by other researchers
  -Theories that have developed
• Hypotheses devised by others
• Specific methods used by others i.e. specific questionnaires

Question 19

Ways to in text cite

Answer 19

• Surname with date in Parentheses (way 1)
  -Fully in parentheses (way 2)

Question 20

Way 1 to in text cite

Answer 20

• Surname with date in parentheses
• i.e. Burger (2008)
• Year only needs to be included the first time a particular work is cited in a particular paragraph
  -Better if you want to emphasise who conducted the research/compare theories

Question 21

Way 2 to in text cite

Answer 21

• Both name and date are in parentheses
• i.e. (Burger 2008)
• Brackets at end of sentence to prevent disruption of flow
• Year must always be included
• Works well when discussing a general idea or using multiple citations for the same idea

Question 22

Et Al.

Answer 22

• If an article has 2 authors; both should be used in every citation
• If an articles has 3-5 authors; List all names in first citation and the first authors name et al. in subsequent ones
• If an article has 6 or more authors; list first authors name and et al. every time

Question 23

Title Page

Answer 23

Consists of title, abstract and authors notes

Question 24

Title

Answer 24

• A title should clearly and concisely communicate the primary variables and research questions
• Each word should be capitalised

Question 25

Authors Notes

Answer 25

- Not for students but professional researchers - May include acknowledgement of funding, institutional affiliations etc

Question 26

Abstract

Answer 26

- A brief summary of the study's research question, methods,, results and conclusions - Limited to about 200 words

Question 27

Sections of Introduction

Answer 27

- Opening - Literature Review - Closing

Question 28

Opening

Answer 28

Introduces research question and explains why it is interesting

Question 29

Literature Review

Answer 29

- Describes relevant previous research on the topic - Constitutes a kind of argument for why the research question is worth addressing

Question 30

Closing

Answer 30

- Clear statement of the research question and the hypothesis; more formal and precise than the opening - A brief overview of the method and some comment on its appropriateness

Question 31

Method

Answer 31

Describe how you conducted your study in sufficient detail as one could replicate it by method alone

Question 32

Note on Participants in the Method

Answer 32

- Indicate Amount - Gender breakdown - Indication of age -How they were recruited - Incentives for participation

Question 33

Ways to organise a method

Answer 33

Describe and Procedure subsection - Describe and Procedure subsections - Material, describe and procedure subsections

Question 34

Describe and Procedure subsection

Answer 34

-Works well for relatively simple methods that can be described in a few paragraphs

Question 35

Separate design and procedure subsections

Answer 35

Works well when design and procedure is relatively complicated and requires more explanation

Question 36

Material, design and procedure subsections

Answer 36

- Works well when there are complicated materials to describe - Good place to refer to the reliability/ validity of measures

Question 37

Study Design

Answer 37

Overall structure of study - i.e. what were the IV's and DV's?, was it an between or a within subjects design

Question 38

Study Procedure

Answer 38

- How was the study carried out - i.e. participants gave informed consent, read instructions, completed trial, did questionnaire, were debriefed and dismissed

Question 39

Results

Answer 39

Present main results of the study including results of statistical analyses

Question 40

Discussing new Results

Answer 40

- Remind reader of research question - Give the answer to the research question in words - Present relevant statistics - Qualify answer if necessary - Summarise Result

Question 41

Discussion

Answer 41

- Summary of research - Theoretical Implications - Practical Implications - Limitations - Suggestions for future research

Question 42

Referencing

Answer 42

- Double spaced - Listed in order - References include a hanging indents i.e. first line is not indented but the others are - Only the authors surnames and initials appear

Question 43

Appendix

Answer 43

- Supplemental material that would interrupt the flow of the research report if it were presented in any of the major sections - i.e. lists of stimulus words, questionnaire items etc.