Week 5 Flashcards
What are consonants?
Sound made with a partial or complete obstruction
What are the three dimensions of consonants?
- Voice or unvoiced
- Manner (type of constriction)
- Placement (where the constriction takes place)
What are cognates?
The voiced and voiceless pairs of sounds
What is word initial voicing contrast associated with?
Voice Onset Time
The length of time in milliseconds between stop and vowel voicing
What is word final voicing contrast associated with?
Duration of the preceding vowel (becomes longer for voiced consonants)
Cub v.s. cup
What is word medial voicing contrast associated with?
The duration of the articulatory closure, this is often longer for voiceless stops
What is an obstruent?
A major constriction; obstructed or turbulent airflow(obstruction), some can have continuous flow
What is a sonorant?
Minor constriction, continuous airflow always
What is a stop?
Complete obstruction of the oral cavity, and complete obstruction of the nasal cavity
What is a fricative?
The oral cavity is narrowly constricted
What is an affricate?
Combination of stop and fricative
What is a nasal?
Velopharynx is open which allows air to come out of nose
What is a liquid?
Partial constriction with tongue, lateral and rhotic
What is a glide?
The least constricted sound of consonant, a semivowel
