Week 5

Question 1

What is a sign of potential labour complication when contractions last ≥90 seconds?

Answer 1

Contractions lasting longer than 90 seconds can signal uterine hyperstimulation, which may lead to fetal distress.

Question 2

How many contractions in 10 minutes can indicate a potential complication in labour?

Answer 2

More than five contractions in 10 minutes (occurring more frequently than every 2 minutes) may indicate uterine hyperstimulation.

Question 3

What is the significance of relaxation between contractions lasting <30 seconds?

Answer 3

Insufficient relaxation between contractions may reduce fetal oxygen supply, leading to fetal compromise.

Question 4

What intrauterine pressure value indicates a potential complication during labour?

Answer 4

An intrauterine pressure of ≥80 mm Hg or resting tone of ≥20 mm Hg may indicate uterine hyperstimulation.

Question 5

What fetal heart rate pattern indicates bradycardia?

Answer 5

less than 110 beats per minute lasting for 10 minutes or longer

Question 6

What fetal heart rate pattern indicates tachycardia?

Answer 6

FHR greater than 160 beats per minute for 10 minutes or longer

Question 7

What type of fetal heart rate decelerations are concerning during labour?

Answer 7

Late, variable, or prolonged decelerations are concerning as they indicate fetal distress or uteroplacental insufficiency.

Question 8

What does an atypical or abnormal fetal heart rate pattern indicate?

Answer 8

It suggests fetal distress and may require immediate intervention to improve fetal oxygenation.

Question 9

What is the significance of meconium-stained fluid during labour?

Answer 9

Meconium-stained fluid may indicate fetal distress and increases the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome.

Question 10

What does persistent bright-red or dark-red vaginal bleeding indicate?

Answer 10

It can signal placental abruption or previa, both of which are serious complications.

Question 11

What maternal temperature is a potential sign of infection during labour?

Answer 11

≥38°C (100.4°F) may indicate infection, such as chorioamnionitis.

Question 12

What does foul-smelling vaginal discharge indicate in labour?

Answer 12

It suggests an infection, possibly chorioamnionitis or other complications.

Question 13

What is the purpose of electronic fetal monitoring?

Answer 13

To assess fetal heart rate and uterine activity to monitor fetal well-being during labour.

Question 14

What is intermittent auscultation (IA) in fetal heart rate monitoring?

Answer 14

Listening to the fetal heart sounds at periodic intervals to assess fetal heart rate (FHR).

Question 15

What does external fetal monitoring measure?

Answer 15

External fetal monitoring measures fetal heart rate using an ultrasound transducer and uterine activity using a tocotransducer.

Question 16

What is the normal fetal heart rate (FHR) range during labour?

Answer 16

110-160 bpm

Question 17

What are early decelerations and what do they indicate?

Answer 17

Early decelerations are a normal response to fetal head compression during contractions.

Question 18

What are late decelerations and what do they indicate?

Answer 18

Late decelerations are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency, indicating a need for intervention to improve fetal oxygenation.

Question 19

What are variable decelerations and what can cause them?

Answer 19

caused by umbilical cord compression and can be corrected by maternal position changes.

Question 20

What is the difference between periodic and episodic FHR changes?

Answer 20

Periodic changes occur with uterine contractions, while episodic changes do not.

Question 21

How should abnormal fetal heart rate patterns be managed?

Answer 21

changing maternal position, increasing hydration, stopping oxytocin, and considering intrauterine resuscitation.

Question 22

What defines preterm labour and what are its symptoms?

Answer 22

Preterm labour is regular contractions before 37 weeks gestation

Symptoms include lower abdominal cramps, back pain, and change in vaginal discharge.

Question 23

What are tocolytics used for in the context of preterm labour?

Answer 23

to suppress uterine contractions and delay preterm birth.

Question 24

What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate in preterm labour?

Answer 24

Magnesium sulfate is used to relax the uterus and prevent preterm labour.

Question 25

What is the purpose of glucocorticoids in preterm labour?

Answer 25

To accelerate fetal lung maturity and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome.

Question 26

What is premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and what risks does it pose?

Answer 26

Rupture of the membranes before labour, increasing the risk of infection and preterm birth.

Question 27

What is chorioamnionitis and how should it be managed?

Answer 27

Chorioamnionitis is an infection of the amniotic sac that requires antibiotics and prompt delivery.

Question 28

What is shoulder dystocia and how should it be managed?

Answer 28

when the baby’s shoulder is stuck during delivery, requiring maneuvers to free the shoulder.

Question 29

What are the risks and management strategies for a prolapsed umbilical cord?

Answer 29

It can lead to cord compression and fetal distress, requiring immediate repositioning of the mother or cesarean delivery.

Question 30

What are the signs and management of uterine rupture during labour?

Answer 30

Signs include intense pain, vaginal bleeding, and fetal heart rate abnormalities. It requires immediate cesarean section and surgical intervention.

Question 31

What is an amniotic fluid embolism and how is it managed?

Answer 31

amniotic fluid embolism is a rare, life-threatening event that causes sudden cardiovascular collapse, requiring resuscitation and immediate delivery.