Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Health and Healing SEM1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When is the new born period?

A

Birth to 28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How long does the first period of reactivity last

A

Up to 30 mins after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 phases of transition to extrauterine life?

A
  1. First period
  2. Period decreased responsiveness
  3. Second period of reactivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens to RR AND HR during the first period of reactivity

A

HR AND RR may increase
may hear crackles, grunting etc but will cease within the first hour of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the newborn digestive in the first period of reactivity?

A

Bowel sounds are present
Might pass meconium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens period of decreased responsiveness?

A

Newborn sleeps
may have decrease in motor activity
Infant is pink
Respirations may be rapid and shallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When does the second period of reactivity occur?

A

2-8 hours after birth
Lasts 10 mins to several hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens in the second period of reactivity?

A

Tachycardia and tachypnea
Meconium is commonly passed
Increased muscle tone, changes in skin colour, and mucus production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does oxygenation of the fetus occurs?

A

through trans placental gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens when the cord is clamped?

A

Causes a rise in blood pressure which increases circulation and lung perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What initiates breathing in a new born

A

combination of factors such as:
1. Chemical
2. Mechanical
3. Temperature
4. Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does breathing get initiated chemically

A

Decreased levels of oxygen and increased levels of carbon dioxide may stimulate the respiratory centre in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does breathing get initiated mechanically

A

Crying increases the distribution of air in the lungs and promotes expansion of alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does breathing get initiated by temperature?

A

Usually lower I’m extrauterine life and stimulates receptors in the skin. Stimulating the respiratory centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does breathing get initiated by sensory

A

touch, light, sounds, and smell cans stimulate respiratory centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are signs of respiratory distress

A

nasal flaring, retractions, grunting and RR under 30 or over 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should nurse assess when newborn has apnea episodes?

A

Temperature because it could be hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, or sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the normal HR for newborns

A

120 to 160 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are red flags for cardiac issues?

A

Hearing heart murmurs and cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Red blood cells, hemoglobin and leukocytes like in newborn babies

A

Higher than adults but then return to normal a bit later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Will the baby’s white blood cell count go higher if they have sepsis

A

It can but not always

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the platelet count like for newborns

A

Same as adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why do babies need a vitamin k injection?

A

Because they cannot synthesize vitamin k initially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do we see a newborns rh and blood type?

A

Take cord blood for testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is thermogenesis done?

A

By using brown fat and increasing metabolic activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How can newborns lose brown fat or heat loss?

A
  1. Convection from body to cooler air (room at 24 degrees)
  2. Radiation from body to cooler surfaces (cot away from window)
  3. Evaporation liquid is converted to vapor (dry infant well and fast)
  4. Conduction loss from body to cooler surfaces (skin to skin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do we keep the baby warm

A

Keep room at 24 degrees

Check baby’s temperature before initial bath (usually 36.9 axilla)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How much urine does the newborn bladder compose of?

A

up to 40 mils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How often should a newborn void?

A

at least 1 void in 24 hours
day 2 - 2 voids
day 3 - 3 voids
day 4 - 4 to 6 voids
day 5 - 5 to 8 voids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Is bacteria present in newborns?

A

not at first but gets introduced later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a newborns stomach capacity?

A

Only 30 to 90 mils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

When are bowel movements expected?

A

day 1 to 3
Should be black or dark green (meconium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does the stool change throughout the days of a newborn?

A

Day 3-4: starts changing to light green to brown, 3 times a day

Day 5-7: More than 3 times a day and changes to a yellow colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How is the storage for iron in a newborn?

A

Lots of storage of iron from utero that lasts up to 4-6 weeks after birth

Hemoglobin stores iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How long does the stored glycogen last in a newborn?

A

Gets depleted quickly due to increased energy needs making it very important for the baby to feed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How soon should feeding be initiated?

A

first 30 minutes of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

When is jaundice normal and not normal

A

Normal after the first 24 hours (physiological)
Not normal in the first 24 hours (pathological)

37
Q

How are newborn coagulation factors activated?

A

by vitamin k and helps prevent clotting problems

38
Q

How is a newborns immunity system?

A

Cells are not activated for weeks/months but are present

In the first 3 months the baby has passive immunity from the mother

39
Q

How can more present immunity be present in newborns?

A

If they are breast fed

40
Q

What is Caput Succedaneum

A

Edema over the scalp in the occipital area

Can extend across suture lines and disappears in 3-4 days

41
Q

What is Cephalohematoma?

A

Collection of blood between skull and periosteum

Does not cross suture lines

Resolves in 3-6 weeks

42
Q

When is Cephalohematoma largest

A

On 3rd day

43
Q

How can we treat Cephalohematoma

A

No asprations because there is a risk of infection

44
Q

Why can’t we always see Cephalohematoma

A

Sometimes can’t see until caput succedaneum is resolved

45
Q

What is Subgaleal Hemmorhage

A

Bleeding in a subgealeal compartment, vessels torn in spaces and blood is trapped in those spaces

Can occur during vacuum extraction

46
Q

What could Subgaleal Hemmorhage lead to?

A

Blood loss which can result in hypovolemic shock and disseminated intravascular disease or even death

Does not heal on its own

47
Q

What information is needed at report?

A

Assessment of preconception, prenatal and intrapartum risk factors
Date, Time and type of delivery
APGAR score
Summary of initial assessment
Vital signs/any signs of distress/deviations from normal
Last time fed/voided/had stool
Weight and weight loss
Bonding (mother and baby)

48
Q

What is APGAR score?

A

Allows us to have a rapid assessment of the newborns transition to extrauterine life

Includes: HR, RR, Muscle tone, Reflex irritability, and Colour

49
Q

When is APGAR score done?

A

1 min and 5 min after birth
Can be done while mom is doing skin to skin

50
Q

What happens if the APGAR score is lower than 7?

A

Means there is some distress - usually call a code

51
Q

How to maintain airway for newborn?

A

Ensure effective respirations and cardiac function
Adequate circulation/perfusion/thermoregulation

52
Q

Why is eye prophylaxis with erythromycin ointment

A

Put eyes to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum
Recommended for newborns and required by law

53
Q

When does eye prophylaxis need to be done

A

Can be done up to 2 hours after birth
Administered from inner to outer cannthus

54
Q

Why would a newborn have to take oral erythromycin

A

If baby has chlamydia conjugatitus may require 14 day course

55
Q

How is vitamin K administered

A

Intramuscularly never administer via IV unless newborn is preterm and has no muscle mass

56
Q

Why is vitamin K administered

A

To prevent hemorrhagic diseases for newborn

57
Q

Can we give oral vitamin K

A

Not recommended at all

58
Q

When can newborns produce their own vitamin K

A

7 days

59
Q

How quickly should a new born be given vitamin K

A

6 hours after birth

60
Q

What is current recommendation for umbilical care

A

Include just cleaning with water and cleanser to remove debris for initial bath

61
Q

What should be assessed regarding the stump and base of umbilical cord

A

edema, arrhythmia, erythema, and drainage at each diaper change

62
Q

How should the umbilical cord be kept

A

dry, clean, loose to air and loosely covered with clothing

63
Q

what are signs of infection for umbilical cord

A

foul odour, redness, purulent discharge

64
Q

When can cord clamp be removed?

A

When cord is dry in 24 to 36 hours
Some hospitals may discharge with clamp

65
Q

When would the cord drop off?

A

10 to 14 days after
Should be no active bleeding

66
Q

What method should be used for newborn’s initial bath

A

the tub method as it preserves heat and less crying

67
Q

How often should a bath for newborns be done?

A

Once every 3 days
Wash face and bottom often

68
Q

How often should a newborn be breastfed?

A

2 to 3 hours

69
Q

What are abnormal breath sounds for newborns?

A

Nasal flaring, retractions, stridors, apnea lasting 20 seconds or longer

70
Q

How often should you weigh the baby?

A

once every 24 hours
Use disposable path

71
Q

How do we monitor newborns bilrubin

A

instructment called transcutaneous bilirubin meter

done 24 Horus after birth

72
Q

How can we prevent hyperbilirubin?

A

By frequent feedings because is excreted with meconium

73
Q

What is phototherapy

A

A single or double lamp, ensure that baby is naked with only a diaper and placed under isolate under plank of light (45- 50 cm)

74
Q

What must the baby always wear during phototherapy?

A

an opaque mask to protect their eyes

75
Q

Why is phototherapy done?

A

to treat jaundice if the bilirubin is too high

76
Q

How often should we check temperature when baby is doing phototherapy

A

every 2 to 4 hours

77
Q

What should you NOT use on baby’s bum if they’re doing phototherapy

A

Vaseline cuz they may burn

78
Q

Why are screening tests done?

A

to protect the newborn from different disorders, if screened early

79
Q

When is the newborn screening tests done?

A

24 hours after birth
cannot be done prior

80
Q

What is the most common newborn screening test

A

PKU
it can cause cognitive impairment

81
Q

How long is baby NPO during circumcision

A

2 to 3 hours prior to procedure to prevent aspirations

82
Q

What method is most common for circumcision?

A

The bell method and usually falls off 5-7 days after the procedure

83
Q

Why should you use petroleum jelly after circumcision?

A

To prevent sticking of the diaper on plastic bell

84
Q

How often should you check for bleeding after circumcision?

A

Check every 15 - 30 mins for the first hour
then every 4 hours after the procedure

85
Q

What do we need to make sure happens before baby is discharged after circumcision?

A

Voided

86
Q

How many voids should a baby have after circumcision

A

5-6 voids after the first few days

87
Q

What should we teach the parents after circumcision?

A

How to monitor baby’s void after the procedure while bell is on because it can be displaced and block the urethra causing kidney damage

88
Q

what is healthy baby, healthy children

A

Community support program in Ontario for all moms no matter how many children they have

89
Q

What happens in the health baby, healthy children program?

A

a survey is completed, pt can refuse but nurse still needs to submit the paperwork

90
Q

When the hep B vaccine given

A

Within 12 hours of birth

91
Q

Where is the preferred injection site for hep B vaccine

A

Vatus Lateralis

Health and Healing SEM1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions