Week 5 Flashcards
biological arousal in the brain that activates hormones
somatic component of emotion
the feeling that is accompanied by the interpretation of hormones
cognitive component of emotion
How is emotion communicated?
action or expression
Why is emotion difficult to define?
it’s a subjective experience, reactionary to events, and intricate
What are the two dimensions of emotion?
how valanced or good it feels and how much arousal it triggers
What is the two sides of the valance scale?
positively-valanced to negatively-valanced
What is the two sides of the arousal scale?
low or high
What is the third dimension of arousal that explains complex emotions?
focus on the self or focus on others
A perspective of emotion that claims that emotions are purposeful responses that help individuals navigate their environment
functionalist perspective
Defining emotion as the primary mechanism that we learn about others, determine behaviours, and communicate with others
social function of emotions
What true about all basic emotions?
innate, based on facial muscles, neural networks, and physiological activation, and are universal
When do basic emotions develop?
infancy
What is the limitation of discrete emotions theory?
not enough emphasis on socialization and culture
What is evidence for discrete emotions theory ?
each emotion has distinct facial expression, recognized by many cultures
A theory that describes emotions as being activated by an individual’s evaluation of an event
cognitive appraisal theory
What is the 3 points of evidence for cognitive appraisal theory?
different appraisals lead to different emotions, different individuals can have different reactions to same event, emotions and cognition are connected.
Lmitations of Cognitive Appraisal theory.
overemphasis on cognition and automatic processes
Emotions that stem from basic emotions, but require higher-order cognitive processes to develop
complex emotions
emotions arise from the interaction of core components, shaped by an individual’s interpretations, experiences, and cultural context
psychological constructionist
basic feelings of pleasantness and un pleasantness
core affect
perception of environment
exteroceptive sensation
memories and cultural knowledge
conceptual knowledge
What are the limitations of the constructionist approach?
difficult to measure, and ignores reflective emotions
What are the three basic functions of emotions according to the functionalist approach?
motivators, provide feedback, and integrate previous experiences with cultural context
When does happiness develop and why?
3 to 8 weeks as a response to external stimuli
A simile that is reflecting genuine pleasure and is reserved for caregivers in infants
Duchenne smiles
An upturned mouth in response to familiar human faces
social smile
an upturned mouth in newborns that is spontaneous to ensure caregiver gives them attention, but is not an actual suggestion of happiness
reflex smiles
What is has the strongest effect on laughing?
visual and social stimuli
When does genuine fear develop?
7 to 9 months
A negative emotional reaction towards unfamiliar people starting at 9 months
stranger distress
the process of reading emotional cues in others to determine how to act
social referencing
Fear of being separated from a caregiver that peaks at 15 months
separation anxiety
How does fear change as you get older?
fear of mental state interpretations increases and fear of physical events decreases
When does true anger first experienced and why?
6 to 12 months and when goals are blocked
what does negative facial expressions indicate before 6 months?
startle, disgust or distressed
Why do infants become sad?
when communication breaks down or when separated from caregiver
The extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluation, and modifying emotional reactions
emotion regulation
how strongly you experience an emotion
intensive
how long you experience an emotion
temporal
How does ER work?
by up-regulating desired emotions and down-regulated undesired emotions
How is emotions generated according to the ER regulation model?
the response to the situation requires attention and appraisal to the situation
how does ER develop?
from parents soothing a baby, attuning to their cycles and communicating
How can parents socialize children’s emotions?
being aware of emotions, recognizing emotional regulation as a learning opportunity, listening empathically, labeling emotions, and helping children come up with ways to deal with emotions.
