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Psyc 391 Social Dev > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four representations of the self?

A

individual self, relational self, collective self, online self

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2
Q

aspects and traits that make an individual unique from others

A

individual self

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3
Q

relationships and connections that develop through interactions with others

A

relational self

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4
Q

a person’s concept of them self within a group

A

collective self

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5
Q

the evaluation of the self in relation to how one believes others view them

A

self-esteem

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6
Q

a person’s online representation

A

online self

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7
Q

A feeling that is highly valued in Western culture when a person is pleased with who they are

A

high self-esteem

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8
Q

What are the typical outcomes of high self-esteem?

A

happier, better adjustment, good relationships and less anxiety and depression

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8
Q

Inflated sense of one’s importance and deservingness

A

narcissism

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9
Q

How is narcissism and self-esteem related?

A

typically not correlated with any type self-esteem

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10
Q

What are the three types of narcissism?

A

agentic, antagonistic, neurotic

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11
Q

A need for admiration that is positively correlated with self-esteem

A

agentic narcissism

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12
Q

An arrogant attitude and expressing low empathy. Negative correlation with self-esteem.

A

antagonistic narcissism

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13
Q

Emotional dysregulation and negative correlation with self-esteem

A

neurotic narcissism

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14
Q

What can parents do to increase self-esteem?

A

give realistic feedback, focus on improvement , give unconditional regard

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15
Q

What should parents not do to promote narcissism ?

A

give inflated praise, focus on superiority over other children, and give conditional regard

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16
Q

Children can have different self-esteems for different domains of competence, what are the 5 main domains for children?

A

scholastic ability, athletic competence, physical appearance, behavioural conduct, and social acceptance

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17
Q

The ability to give the self positive feedback or take in feedback from others

A

self-appraisal

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18
Q

When do children typically develop realistic self-appraisal?

A

in late childhood and adolescence

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19
Q

Children who have higher self-esteem have parents whose ____ in family discussions

A

opinions are considered

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20
Q

Children who have lower self-esteem have families that are ___ into their life

A

intrusive and invalidating

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21
Q

Praising effort and strategies used

A

process praise

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22
Q

Praising talents and traits

A

ability praise

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23
Q

Why is process praise sometimes bad?

A

Adolescents feel like teachers are being condescending and it is not helpful for identity discovery

24
Q

Why is ability praise bad?

A

decreases students motivation to learn after a failure

25
Q

What type of praise is bad over time?

A

inflated praise because its usually directed at children with low self-esteem and makes them feel like expectations of them is very high

26
Q

What is a critical consequence of low self-esteem from inflated praise?

A

start to avoid learning experiences when they think they might fail

27
Q

The definition of oneself as different then others

A

identity

28
Q

An adolescence has gone through exploration and made a commitment to an identity

A

identity achievement

29
Q

made a commitment without much exploration

A

identity foreclosure

30
Q

Involved in exploring but not made a commitment

A

identify moratorium

31
Q

no identity crisis or achievement, basically no effort made

A

identity diffusion

32
Q

What are the general influences of identity?

A

autonomy, making your own decisions, time away from parents

33
Q

What changes occur due to identity exploration?

A

abstract reasoning, ability to recognize the self in different contexts

34
Q

Recognition of being a member of a particular race or ethnic group

A

ethnic racial identity

35
Q

based on geographic location, people are categorized based on traits that are visible or social and political constructs

A

race

36
Q

language, values, beliefs, and traditions to which people are connected

A

ethnicity

37
Q

Define an individual as similar to or different from members of other groups

A

social identity theory

38
Q

What are the components of identity?

A

cognitive, affective and behavioural

39
Q

What are the cognitive facets of identity?

A

knowledge about group customs, self-identification, constancy,

40
Q

What are the affective facets of identity?

A

preferences, in-group/out-group attitudes, importance

41
Q

What was an important change that came from the Clark and Clark study?

A

desegregation in schools due to children having negative attitudes about their in-group and identity

42
Q

What do indigenous children believe about in-group / out-group success?

A

tend to attribute their own success to luck and others to hard work

43
Q

When a individual or group feels negatively towards their own in-group due to social hierarchies

A

internalized racism

44
Q

When does ethnic racial identity form?

A

middle-childhood into adolescence

45
Q

Learning about and adapting to the ethnic origin culture

A

enculturation

46
Q

learning about and adapting to recieving culture

A

acculturation

47
Q

adopting the norms both the norms and attitudes of the majority or new culture as wells as values and traditions from native culture

A

bicultural identity

48
Q

How should parents talk about race?

A

using a colour conscious approach and making children aware of inequalities and how to address them

49
Q

What theory in the 1970s changed the conversation about gender identity

A

Androgyny theory

50
Q

What is the recommendation for parents when considering gender identity?

A

refrain from voicing preference and be open to all outcomes

51
Q

What factors influence gender identity?

A

gender schemas, self-socializing, biology

52
Q

Cognitive structures for what a typical gender presentation is

A

gender schema

53
Q

orientation towards gender messaging

A

self-socializing process

54
Q

What can increase children being comfortable exploring gender identity?

A

school environment, family attitudes, media representation

55
Q

At what age do children understand simple social norms?

A

1.5 years old

56
Q

How do children learn about others?

A

thought emotions

57
Q

Why is important for children to have disputes?

A

promotes problem solving in later development and expressing frustration is a productive way

58
Q

Why is the false belief task not the best way to measure theory of mind?

A

requires more skills then just theory of mind

Psyc 391 Social Dev (6 decks)

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