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Fundementals Musculoskeletal > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the joints involved in the shoulder girdle?

A

1) Sternoclavicular joint
2) Acromioclavicualr joint
3) Scapulothoracic joint

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2
Q

True or false: the glenohumeral joint is the shoulder joint

A

True

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3
Q

True or false: the scapulothoracic joint is an articular structure

A

False

They are on the rib cage attached by various structures and the scapula can move freely on the ribcage

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4
Q

What are the joint motions

  • elevation/depression
  • protraction/retraction
  • upward rotation/downward rotation
  • scapular tilt
A

elevation/depression: lifting scapula up and down (shoulder shrug)

protraction/retraction: moving scapula laterally and medially (away from midline and towards midline)

upward rotation/downward rotation: when lifting arm up beside you, scapula rotates toward midline

scapular tilt: when lifting arm up in front of you, scapula tilts back, naturally tilts forward

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5
Q

When does the shoulder go into hyperextension?

A

–> superior end tilts anteriorly

–> inferior end tilts posteriorly

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6
Q

True or false: it is possible to move the shoulder girdle without moving the humorous during LINEAR movements

A

True

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7
Q

True or false: it is possible to move the shoulder girdle without moving the humorous during ROTATION movements such as abduction and adduction

A

False

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8
Q

What must the scapula move with?

A

The glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

True or false: impairment at one joint of the shoulder does not directly impair the function at another

A

False

Impairment at one joint will impair function at other

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10
Q

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

First 30 degrees of shoulder joint movement is ALL shoulder joint motion

After 30 degrees -
For every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs, the
scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree

2:1 ratio of the shoulder (2) and scapula (1)

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11
Q

What is the scapulohumeral rhythm ratio?

A

2:1
(fFor every 2 degrees of shoulder flexion or abduction that occurs:
Scapula must upwardly rotate 1 degree)

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12
Q

Where is the scapula found (at rest)?

A

between the 2nd and 7th ribs
Medial (vertebral) border 2-3” from spinous process

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13
Q

True or false: the sternoclavicular joint is very mobile

A

False

–> this joint has limited mobility

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14
Q

What is the relationship between the clavicle and sternum in the sternoclavicular joint?

A

When the clavicle moves, the sternum remains stationary

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15
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

Connects acromion process to clavicle

–> Relatively weak
–> Ligaments help stabilize

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16
Q

True or false: the Acromioclavicular joint
is relatively weak and therefore the ligaments help stabilize

A

True

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17
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

1) Trapezius (upper, middle, lower)

2) Levator scapula

3) Rhomboids

4) Serratus anterior

5) Pectoralis minor

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18
Q

What is the origin of the upper trapezius?

A
  • Occipital bone
  • nuchal ligament (cervical spinous process)
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19
Q

What is the insertion of the upper trapezius?

A

Lateral clavicle

Acromion process

20
Q

What action does the upper trapezius perform?

A

Elevate scapula and upward rotation

21
Q

What are some roles/functions of the upper trapezius?

A
  • Upward diagonal pull
  • Prime mover for scapular elevation and upward rotation
  • Assists in retraction
22
Q

What is the origin of the middle trapezius?

A

Spinous process of lower C and upper T vertebrae

23
Q

What is the insertion of the middle trapezius?

A

Acromion process and spine of scapula

24
Q

What action does the middle trapezius perform?

A

Scapular retraction

25
Q

What are some characteristics/functions of the middle trapezius?

A
  • Horizontal pull
  • Retracts scapula
  • Assists in upward rotation of scapula
  • Weak upper rotator,
  • Not very well leveraged
26
Q

What is the origin of the lower trapezius?

A

Spinous process of middle-lower T vertebrae

27
Q

What is the insertion of the lower trapezius?

A

Spine of scapula (base)

28
Q

What action does the lower trapezius perform?

A

Scapular depression and upwards rotation

29
Q

True or false: muscle actions are dependent on joint positions

A

True

30
Q

What are some roles/functions of the lower trapezius?

A

Downward diagonal pull
Depresses scapula and upwardly rotates

31
Q

What is the origin of the levator scapula?

A

Transverse process of C1-C4

32
Q

What is the insertion of the elevator scapula?

A

Superior angle of spine

33
Q

What action does the elevator scapula perform?

A

Elevates scapula and rotates down

34
Q

What are some characteristics/functions of the elevator scapula?

A
  • Covered by trapezius muscle
  • Deep to traps
  • Prime mover for scapular elevation

-Pulls the origin and insertion together which results in elevation (downward rotation occurs as well)

35
Q

What is the origin of the rhomboids?

A

Spinous process of C7-T5

36
Q

What is the insertion of the rhomboids?

A

Vertebral border of scapula

37
Q

What action does the rhomboids perform

A

Retraction, elevation, downward rotation

38
Q

What are some characteristics/funtions of the rhomboids?

A
  • Consist of 2 muscles
    Minor and major
  • Functionally, have the same actions
39
Q

What is the origin of the serrates anterior?

A

Lateral surface of 8 ribs

40
Q

What is the insertion of the serrates anterior?

A

Vertebral border of scapula (anteriorly)

41
Q

What action does the serrates anterior perform?

A
  • Scapular protraction
  • Upward rotation of scapula
42
Q

What are some characteristics/functions of the serratus anterior?

A
  • Saw-tooth pattern of attachment on the anterior thorax

Keeps scapula against posterior rib cage to prevent “winging”

  • Wraps around the ribcage
43
Q

What is the origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3-5

44
Q

What is the insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

45
Q

What are some characteristics/functions of the pectoralis minor

A
  • Found deep to pectoralis major
  • Downward diagonal line of pull almost vertical
  • Prime mover for scapular depression, downward rotation and tilt
45
Q

What action does the pectoralis minor perform?

A

Depression, protraction, down rotation, and tilt of scapula

Fundementals Musculoskeletal (9 decks)

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