Week 13 Flashcards
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Gastrocnemius?
Origin:
Medial and lateral condyles
Insertion:
Calcaneus
Action:
- Plantarflexion
- Knee flexion (and sometimes extension)
- Fast twitch
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Soleus?
Origin:
Posterior tibia and fibula
Insertion:
Calcaneus
Action:
- Mainly plantarflexion
- Posture
- Slow twitch
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Tibialis posterior?
Origin:
- Tibia
- Fibula
Insertion:
- Navicular
- Metatarsals and tarsals
Action:
- Inversion
- Assists in plantarflexion
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Flexor hallucis longus?
Origin:
Fibula
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of 1st toe
Action:
- Flexion of 1st toe
- Assists in inversion and plantarflexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Flexor digitorum longus?
Origin:
Posterior tibia
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of toes 2-5
Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Assists in inversion and plantarflexion of ankle
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Tibialis anterior?
Origin:
Anterior tibia
Insertion:
- 1st cuneiform
- Base of 1st metatarsal
Action:
- Ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Extensor digitorum longus?
Origin:
- Anterior fibula
- Tibia
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Action:
- Extension of toes 2-5
- Dorsiflexion
What are the muscles of the “Lateral group”?
1) Peroneus longus
2) Peroneus brevis
3) Peroneus tertius
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Peroneus longus?
Origin:
Lateral proximal fibula
Insertion:
Plantar surface of 1st metacarpal and 1st cuneiform
Action:
- Ankle eversion
- Assists in plantar flexion
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Peroneus brevis?
Origin:
Distal fibula
Insertion:
Base of 5th metatarsal
Action:
- Ankle eversion
- Assists in plantar flexion
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Peroneus tertius?
Origin:
Distal medial fibula
Insertion:
Base of 5th metatarsal
Action:
Assistive in eversion and dorsiflexion of ankle
What are the joint motions of the ankle, and in what planes do they move in?
- Plantar flexion/dorsiflexion (sagittal plane)
-Inversion/eversion (frontal plane)
- Adduction/abduction (transverse plane)
- Supination (plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction)
-Pronation (dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction)
What are the joints involved in the foot? What movements do they perform?
1) Metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)
–> Flexion/extension/ hyperextension/adduction and abduction
2) Proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
3) Distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
–> Flexion and extension
What are the ligaments involved in the ankle?
1) Deltoid ligament
–> 4 parts
2) Lateral ligament
–> 3 parts
What is the superficial posterior group of muscles of the ankle and foot?
1) Gastrocnemius
2) Soleus
3) Plantaris
Characteristics of the gastrocnemius?
- 2-headed muscle
- Superficial
- Inserts into heel via Achillies (or calcaneal) tendon
Characteristics of the Soleus?
- 1 joint muscle
- Deep to gastrocs
- Inserts into heel via Achillies (or calcaneal) tendon along with gastrocs
What is the deep posterior group of muscles of the ankle and foot?
1) Tibialis posterior
2) Flexor hallucis longus
3) Flexor digitorum longus
‘Hallucis’ means what?
Big toe
Characteristics of the Tibialis posterior?
Deepest posterior muscle
‘Digitorum’ means what?
toes (but not big toe)
What is the anterior group of muscles of the ankle and foot?
1) Tibialis anterior
2) Extensor hallucis longus
3) Extensor digitorum longus
Characteristics of the Tibialis anterior?
Can feel just lateral to tibial crest (shin bone)
Characteristics of the Extensor digitorum longus?
Most lateral of anterior leg muscles
What is the lateral group of muscles of the ankle and foot?
1) Peroneus longus
2) Peroneus brevis
3)Peroneus tertius
Characteristics of the Peroneus longus?
- Most superficial of peroneal muscles
- Loops around lateral malleolus and heads under the foot (plantar side)
Characteristics of the Peroneus brevis?
Deep to peroneus longus
Characteristics of the Peroneus tertius?
Not everyone has it!
- Relatively weak –> so only assistive actions
