Week 5 + Flashcards
What makes a good poster?(6)
Size/Format
Colours - none offensive
Font - easy to read
Logos/Photos
Tables/Diagrams
Condensed/Easy to read
Types of missing data?(4)
Structurally missing - logical
Missing completely at random - no reasoning, unrelated
Missing at random - can use other data to fill in
Missing not at random - cannot make any confident predictions
Define mean?
Average value in data set
Define standard deviation?
It is a measure of the amount of variation or
dispersion of a set of values, from lowest-highest
Difference between reliability and validity?
Reliability is consistency over a set time, meaning it is trustworthy and done accurately, whereas Validity is how well the results represent what we intended to measure
+/- of BMI ?
+ = easy/inexpensive
consistent links to disease
- = Does not measure fatness or composition, therefore does not account for high levels of muscle mass
May be less appropriate
Waist-Hip ratio +/-?
+ = Easy/inexpensive
Strongly associated with diseases
- = Does not measure the amount or location
Difficult to measure accurately and consistently and can lead to issues with validity and reliability
Hand grip Dynamometer +/-?
+ = Easy/Inexpensive
Strongly and consistent with relation to future problems
- = Difficult to measure accurately = affects validity and reliability
Requires max effort
+/- Short physical performance battery ?
+ = Easy/Inexpensive
Performed across different settings
cut off values associated with risks
- = Requires assessor
Ceiling affect
Bleep test +/-
+= Valid measurement of aerobic fitness
Inexpensive
Can measure large group
Continues to max
- = Practice/motivation can affect
Environment can affect
Inappropriate if people have health problems
Toe touch test/ Back scratch test +/- ?
+= Simple
quick / cheap
Minimal equipment
- = score affected by warm up
Varies depending on factors such as arm/leg length
Two hop jump test +/-?
+= Simple
quick / cheap
Minimal equipment
- = score affected by warm up
Requires balance and co-ord
Describe the SPPB test?
Assessment of lower bodily function with a range of tests, balance, gait speed, chair stand.
Highest points being 12.
How to optimise Anthropometric measures?
Height - Stadiometer placed flat on floor against wall
Remove shoes and hair away from face.
Face away and back onto base.
Heels must be against base, with both back and bum resting against the arm
Looking straight forward, in the frankfurt plane (ear to eye in line)
Take a deep breath in. Take 3 and find average, stand off after each.
Must be within .2
How to measure weight correctly?
Remove shoes, jewelry and empty pockets
Must be set at 0
Face forward and step on, looking straight ahead
Retrieve data once it has stopped fluctuating
3 measurements within 0.1 kg and find average.
How to measure waist to hip?
Tape measure not stretchy but flexible
1cm above belly button preferably against skin
Ask for permission
Mark spot to be consistent
Lift arms and wrap tape around horizontally and lies flat, firm but not tight
Identify pelvic girdle, rotate foot to feel greater trochanter
Wrap around, lay flat again.
How to measure hand grip?
Hand grip dynamometer
The handle must rest comfortably in palms and sit between upper/middle knuckles
Arm must be 90 degree angle neutral
Squeeze at full force.
What is the role of a national survey?
Gather information on health and disease and behaviours associated with them.
Examples of Surveys?(9)
Census
NHS digital
National diet and nutrition
Sport England Active Lives
Data.gov
UK biobank
British heart foundation
Mind
UKactive
How are results from surveys used?
Statistics from these surveys are used to inform research, policy and professional practices or used in essays, lab reports, posters etc
Examples of data from national surveys?
More men (70%) than Women (59%) meet aerobic guidelines of at least 150 ins of moderate or 75 mins of vigorous activity a week.
