Week 1 Flashcards
What is Research Integrity? Key elements?(7)
Conducting research to professional standards.
Honest, Rigour, Transparent, Reliability, Accountability, care and respect for all participants
Where can ethical issues arise? Examples? (9)
1: Research question - is it New, Innovative, Relevant, Important
2: Research design: Is it suitable, reviewed, ethical
3: Number of participants: Is it Appropriate and Feasible
4: Research team: Experience? Track record? Environment?
5: Risks, benefits, burdens: Balance between harm/benefit
6: Recruitment/
compensation: Dependence? What is reasonable?
7: Respecting confidentiality: Good practice with data handling
8: Publication of results: When will this happen? Open access?
9: Informed consent: Well-informed, voluntary, can withdraw Where ethical issues can arise
Shared Values in research? (4)
Honest
Accurate
Efficiency
Objectivity
What is the scientific process?(7)
Make an observation
Think of questions
Make a hypothesis
Develop testable predictions
Gather data to test predictions
Refine/Alter/Expand or reject hypothesis
Develop Theory
Hierarchy of evidence? How does it represent bias and quality?(8)
The further down = higher quality, less risk of bias
Editorials/Expert opinion
Mechanistic studies
Case reports/studies
Cross sectional
studies/surveys
Case control studies
Cohort studies
Randomised controlled trials
Why does research need ethics?
In order to protect the dignity, rights, privacy, safety and well being of participants
What are the guidelines of research?(5)
Research should first be tested in a lab/on animals before humans.
Needs reviewing
Voluntary and informed consent is necessary
Research should be conducted by professionals
Risks cant out weigh the benefits
