Week 3

Question 1

What is the study aim? Example?

Answer 1

A statement describing the purpose of the study

To compare the effects of this/these on this group

Question 2

What is the research question? Example?

Answer 2

A specific question describing the primary aim of the research study

Does this differ depending on this? Which has the greater effect?

Question 3

What is the research hypotheses? Examples?

Answer 3

A specific, clear, and testable statement about the possible outcome of a research study, can be null or directional

There is no difference between this and this?/This was caused by this?

Question 4

Considerations with Qualitative/Quantitative data? (3)

Answer 4

1. Choice between quantitative or qualitative methods will influence the research question
2. The research question will influence the choice of quantitative or qualitative methods
3. There are a vast number of quantitative/qualitative methods: which should be used?

Question 5

What is Quantitative research?

Answer 5

Research based off of numerical data and usually seeks to establish relationships/differences between variables

Question 6

What is Qualitative research?

Answer 6

Research often described in words which provides understanding of experiences, perceptions, motivations, behaviours and intentions based on observation/description

Question 7

Compare the starting point of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 7

Qualitative is a situation being observed, whereas Quantitative is a testable hypothesis

Question 8

Compare the Goals of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 8

Qual = Participants comfortable and honest to make a good observation

Quan = Findings can be repeatedly tested, so variables can be defined and analysed tp test relationships and differences of groups

Question 9

Examples of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 9

Qual = Semi-structured interviews
Focus groups
Participant observations

Quan - Surveys
Randomised control
Lab experiments

Question 10

Actual example questions for Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 10

Qual = How do older adults perceive their social network as influencing their a) eating b) physical function

Quan =
a) current nutritional status
b) social network types
c) physical function level of adults in birmingham

Question 11

Examples of Qual/Quantitative research methods?

Answer 11

Qual =
Interviews
Demographics characteristics - findings and quotes

Quan = Demographic characteristics
Nutrient intake - per 24 hrs /status
Physical function

Question 12

Compare depth of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 12

Qual is more in depth with fewer participants

Question 13

Compare structure of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 13

Qual is less structured where as Quan is fixed

Question 14

Compare no. tests of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 14

Qual = no stats tests, Quan = stats test for analysis

Question 15

Compare Generalisability of Qual/Quantitative research?

Answer 15

Qual is less generalisable

Question 16

What is Mechanistic study and where is it on the evidence hierarchy/continuum?

Answer 16

Comparing two groups with small sample size due to in depth study

Bottom on the Hierarchy

Question 17

What is Small-scale RCT study and where is it on the evidence hierarchy/continuum?

Answer 17

Comparing the effects of 2 smaller groups, one with an intervention

Doesn’t recruit much participants so struggle to detect significance

2nd bottom on hierarchy

Question 18

What is Large-scale RCT study and where is it on the evidence hierarchy/continuum?

Answer 18

Comparing the effects of 2 groups, one with an intervention.

Larger group for 12 months

3rd on the Hierarchy list

Question 19

What is Secondary analysis study and where is it on the evidence hierarchy/continuum?

Answer 19

Observational study examining relationships between effects of different groups - prospective cohort study

2nd best on Hierarchy list

Question 20

What is Systematic review & meta-analysis study and where is it on the evidence hierarchy/continuum?

Answer 20

Prospective cohort studies, systematic searching of 6 databases to get data on a large number of people

1st on the hierarchy list