Week 5 Flashcards
sex vs gender
sex is not the same as gender
- These terms are related, not synonymous
- Sex is the chromosomal makeup determined
by X or Y chromosomes - Refers to biological and physiological
characteristics that define men and women - Sex differences result from the classification of
organisms based on genetic constitution (at a
cellular level)
What is intersex?
General term for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn’t fit the typical definition of male or female
* IE: born female on the “outside” but having mostly
male-typical anatomy on the inside
* A person may be born with genitals that are “in between” IE: born with a large clitoris or lacking a
vaginal opening. Or someone born with a scrotum
that is divided so that it is formed more like a labia
Potential cause of intersex
Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
SOGI suggests between ____% and___ % of the population is born with intersex traits
0.05 and 1.7%
Why does our patient’s sex matter?
Sex differences must be understood in order to
ensure interventions are relevant, community informed, and effective
* Think about how we typically understand health
outcomes of men and women
* Morbidity
* Mortality
* Life expectancy
Gender
a concept that we as
individuals cultivate, develop, and
understand based on what society
reinforces through social and
institutional norms
Masculinity & Femininity
Gender is the expression of one’s
sex in terms of masculinity and
femininity and is rooted in culture
and history
They’re social constructs that have
been created and reinforced by
societies over time
* Not necessarily rooted in truth or fact
Gender identity
Describes how we see ourselves as
women, men, neither, or both
* Affects our feelings and behaviours
* Linked to an individuals sense of self
* May not confirm with assigned sex at
birth
Gender Stereotype Theory
Gender stereotype theory suggests
that men are generally perceived as
more masculine than women
* Whereas women are generally
perceived as more feminine than men
Gender Norms
Are ideas how how men and women
should act
* Social principles that govern behaviour
and can restrict gender identity
* Traditional masculine “ideals” include:
* Self reliance, stoicism, emotional
control
Gender Roles
Social + cultural expectations assigned
to gender
* Can be seen in how we dress, talk, and
careers
Two-Spirit
Describes a
person who embodies both a
masculine and a feminine
spirit. This is a culture-specific
term used among Indigenous
peoples
Non-binary
is used as an umbrella
term to include all gender identities
that fall outside of the gender binary
historical indigenous gender roles
two spirit, gender roles less important in culture
Many Indigenous
communities believe that
gender is fluid and there are
more than two genders
* Some believe individuals can
change gender for ceremonial
purposes
Colonial-era gender roles
Very strict
- Once a woman was
married, she was no
longer a legal person
Victorian Era 19th Century gender roles
Gender roles became more strict
during the Victorian era where men
and women operated in “operate
spheres” in middle and upper classes
Modern Era 1910-1980’s gender roles
Gender roles became more elastic
during world wars, “watershed
moment”
* Gender-role elasticity: returned to
pre-war levels and norms were
turned to
* Roles were re-established in the
1950’s and were rigid due to turmoil
* 1960’s women returned and stayed
in the workforce
Gender Inequity
Occurs when individuals are not
provided the same opportunities in
society because of their gender or
gender-identity
examples of Gender Based Inequities
gender pay cap,job segregation, job
limitations, dress codes, vulnerability to
violence, housing security, experiences in
health care settings, and different access
to money, food, or political power
is a way to ensure that policies, programs, services, and
interventions are appropriate for men, women, boys, and girls, and transgender
individuals
