Week 3 Flashcards
What is a community
A group of people who live, learn, work, worship, in
an environment at a given time
Geographical boundaries
Landscape boundaries (lakes rivers) also political boundaries
5 community functions
1.) Space and infrastructure for housing, schools. Recreation, government,
and health and social services
2. Employment and income, including productivity, and distribution
through consumption of goods, trading, and economic growth
3. Security, protection, and law enforcement to protect the public from
crime
4. Participation, socialization, and networking for all community
members
5. Links with other community systems for growth and capacity building
Vertical communication
to link with larger
communities or higher decision making powers
Horizontal communication
enables collaboration between members, environments, and other systems
Diagonal communication
reinforces cohesiveness of
both horizontal and vertical communication lines
Formal leaders
are elected official politicians (mayors,
members of parliament, prime minister
Informal leaders
are people with prominent positions in
the community (religious leaders, executives, elders of
community groups, philanthropists, celebrities, or local
heroes)
How Do We Achieve Community Function
Communication
Leadership
Decision Making
Qualities of A Healthy Community Include
Clean, safe physical
environment
* Peace, equity, and social
justice
* Adequate access to
food, water, shelter,
income, safety, work,
and recreation for all
* Adequate access to
healthcare services
Learning and skill
development
* Strong, mutually
supportive relationships
* Workplaces that are
supportive of individual
+ family well-being
* Wide participation of
residents in decision
making
- Strong local culture
and spiritual heritage - Diverse and vital
economy - Protection of the
natural environment - Responsible use of
resources for longterm sustainability
Community-as-Partner Model
Community attribute is the assessment “wheel”
with components of assessment
⊹ At the core of the model, are community residents
⊹ Lines of resistance (or strengths) protect the
community from threats
Epidemiologic triangle
⊹ Host: who is affected - what community
⊹ Environment: where and when the condition occurred
⊹ Agent: why and how
Capacity building is a…
the process to strengthen the ability
of an individual, organization, community, or a health
system to implement health promotion initiatives and
sustain positive health over time
⊹ Allows the community members to take responsibility
of their own development
Community Asset Mapping Is used…
to outline the assets and capacity of the community,
identify strengths and potential resources for the program
planning and intervention
⊹ Includes skills and experiences of individuals/organizations,
services, physical and financial resources within the
community
The goal of the community health promotion model
to apply community health promotion strategies
to achieve collaborative community actions and to
improve sustainable health outcomes
Definition of communicable diseases
illnesses caused by a
specific infectious agent/its toxic products, that
arise through transmission of that agent, or its
products from an infected person, animal, or
inanimate source to a susceptible host
Alexander Fleming first discovered penicillin in
1928
First recordred pandemic
Bubonic plague killed an estimated 50 million in Europe during the middle ages
Spanish flu year and, death toll
1918 killed 21-50 million
when was smallpox eradicated?
after ravaging the world for thousands of years it was officially eradicated in 1980
in 1967 ___% of the worlds population was at risk of contracting smallpox
60
What were the major reasons behind smallpox eradication
early vaccination- successful education program
Who created the first smallpox vaccine
Edward Jenner 1796
Tuberculosis
Infectious disease cased by mycobacterium tubruclosis
Is TB a reportable disease?
yes, it has been since 1924
What was TB once known as?
Consumption
TB and indigenous populations
TB was not common before European contact. The disease spreads quickly due to low immunity and social conditions
TB rates remain high in this group
Rates of TB in indigenous vs non-indigenous Canadians
0.6 per 100 thousand non-indigenous
23.8 per 100 thousand indigenous
Types of communicable disease classifications
Clinical manifestations (respiratory, CNS,,,)
Microbiological classification (Bactria, viral)
Means of transmission (contact, airborne, waterborne)
Reservoir (human, animals, soil)
Public health program classification (vaccine-preventable, STI, zoonotic)
Live- Attenuated vaccines
contain a version of the living virus or bacteria that has been weakened so it will not cause serious disease in healthy immune systems
Example of Live- Attenuated vaccines
MMR, chickenpox( varicella)
Considerations of Live- Attenuated vaccines
Not recommended for those with weak immune systems (I.E cancer pts)
Non-live vaccines
Vaccines that are produced with a dead version of the virus
Non-live vaccine example
polio
Non-live vaccine considerations
typically require boosters as immune response is weaker
Toxoid vaccines
Prevent diseases caused by bacteria that produce toxins in body; these vaccines contain weakened toxins
Example of toxoid vaccine
Tetanus
Subunit vaccines
Include parts of viruses/bacteria instead of the entire germ
Subunit vaccine example
pertussis (Whooping cough)
Conjugate vaccines
These vaccines are made to mimic the antigens produced by the bacteria/virus through injection of RNA
Example of conjugate vaccines
COVID-19
Heard immunity
resistance against a certain infection is high enough within community that it is able to protect those who arent resistant
four reportable STI’s in Canada
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV
Enteric infections
enter the body through the mouth and intestinal tract and affect the digestive system
Three common types of foodborne infections
Toxins released by bacterial growth (staph, botulism)
Bacterial, viral, parasitic infections (e.coili, hep A)
Toxins produced by a;gal species (shellfish poisoning)
Example of water bone infection
Cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever
Zoonotic infections
Transmitted between animals and humans (don’t need humans to survive)
Examples of zoonotic infections
Rabies, hantavirus
Rabies death rate
near 100% W/O treatment
Major carriers of rabies
Fox, bat, raccoons, skunk
Treatment of rabies
Post-exposure prophylaxis (vaccination after exposure)
Vector bone infections
Caused by viruses and bacteria that are carried in animals
Vector bone infection example
Lyme disease, zika, West Nile
role of CHN in infections
surveillance, contact tracing, outbreak reporting-tracing
