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Principles of ABA > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

Test II

1
Q

Extinction vs Neg Punishment

A
  • extinction - removal of reinforcement
  • neg punishment - removal of stimuli
  • both - sees decrease in behavior
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2
Q

Extinction

A
  • removal of reinforcement
  • a behavior that was previously reinforced
  • no longer produces reinforcement
  • as a result the behavior stops occurring
  • has to be implemented 100% of the time to be effective
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3
Q

Procedural Variations of Extinction

A

extinction as a procedure → determined by the maintaining reinforcer

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4
Q

Extinction maintained by positive reinforcement (SR+)

A
  • withhold (do not deliver) the reinforcer
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5
Q

Extinction maintained by negative reinforcement (SR-)

A
  • do not terminate/remove the stimulus (if escape)
  • the task needs to be completed
  • do not delay stimulus presentation (if avoidance)
  • continue to present
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6
Q

Extinction maintained by automatic reinforcement (+/-)

A

ex: hitting machine no longer stops the clanging (effect on target behavior: hitting machine decreases)

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7
Q

Extinction Burst

A
  • behavior temporarily increases in frequency intensity and/or duration
  • response variability includes…
  • previously reinforced behaviors
  • novel (new) behaviors may also emerge

Ex: whining not reinforced → crying, flopping on floor, hitting, etc. emerges

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8
Q

Effects of Extinction Burst

A

Main effect of extinction → Decrease in behavior - usually gradual

Secondary effects → extinction bursts
Often gets worse before it gets better because child is accustomed to the previously available reinforcer

Secondary effects → Spontaneous recovery

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9
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A
  • even when a behavior has stopped the behavior might occur again later
  • especially likely when returning to a similar situations as when response was reinforced before
  • consistency of extinction during recovery is important; behavior will likely return if reinforced during recovery
  • sometimes it is not clear why spontaneous recovery occurs

***extinction must remain in place/consistent → do not offer reinforcement

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10
Q

Advantages of Extinction

A
  • simple and direct method of reducing problematic responses
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11
Q

Disadvantages for Extinction

A
  • withholding reinforcement may not always in practice
  • Needs 100% consistency
  • Side effects: extinction burst, emotional responding
  • This may not always be safe or acceptable risk
  • May be slow acting
  • Does not establish alternatives response
  • Does not reach and appropriate alternative ways to access reinforcement
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12
Q

Punishment

A
  1. a stimulus change…
  2. .. contingent on a response (or that follows a response)
  3. …which DECREASES the future probability of that response
    - defined based on effects - only if behavior decreases in the future (no universal reinforcers)
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13
Q

Reinforcement vs Punishment

A

R - increases behavior

P - decreases behavior

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14
Q

Positive Punishment

A
  • a stimulus is presented or magnified, contingent on a response and this deceases the future probability of the response
  • we call the stimulus that is presented in positive punishment an aversive stimulus
    ex: spanking, electric shock
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15
Q

Response-Contingent Effort

A
  • individual is required to engage in extra effort contingent on the target behavior
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16
Q

Contingent Exercise

A
  • term often used when the effort is unrelated to the target behavior
  • ex: if your bunk isn’t clean you have to do 20 push ups
17
Q

Overcorrection

A
  • activity is somehow related to the target behavior
18
Q

Positive Practice

overcorrection

A
  • the individual must perform an alternative or correct behavior multiple times following problem behavior
  • ex: toileting → if a child has an accident, “we sit go pee pee on the potty” follow through with the routine even though the child already relieved themselves
19
Q

Restitution

overcorrection

A
  • individual must correct damage done by the problem behavior and improve environment beyond its original condition
  • ex: clean entire cafeteria after throwing food
20
Q

Response Blocking

A
  • physically interrupting the response as soon as it begins to occur
  • is this punishment, extinction or both
21
Q

Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD)

A
  • a combination of response blocking and contingent effort
  • has been applied to motor and vocal stereotypy
  • a more recently evaluated punishment
22
Q

Negative Punishment

A
  • a stimulus is removed or reduced contingent on a response and this decreases the future probability of the response
23
Q

Two Main Types of Negative Punishment

A
  1. Time-Out

2. Response Cost

24
Q

Time-out

A

Negative Punishment

  • loss of access to positive reinforcers for brief periods of time contingent on the target behavior
25
Q

Response Cost

A

Negative Punishment

  • loss or removal of a specific amount of a tangible reinforcer (already earned/in possession)
    ex: speeding ticket

Principles of ABA (5 decks)

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