Week 4: Urban Growth Management: Key Tools Flashcards
How were towns historically structured?
Compact urban form with residential, retail, and institutional spaces in a dense, walkable center.
What changes occurred in cities due to industrialization?
Rapid rural-to-urban migration transformed city structures from the late 19th century onward.
New urban challenges emerged: pollution, housing quality, fire hazards.
Urban planning developed in response, leading to movements like City Beautiful and Garden City.
How did planning evolve as a discipline?
Addressed urban issues through urban design and land-use zoning.
Why is Canada considered a suburban nation?
Loss of valuable agricultural land and negative ecological impacts.
Urban growth seen as problematic due to economic, health, environmental, and social consequences.
When did new urbanism emerge, and what does it advocate for?
Developed in the 1980s as an alternative suburban design model.
Emphasizes mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly, high-density neighborhoods.
Uses form-based codes instead of traditional land-use zoning.
What is smart growth, and where did it originate?
A political and planning movement from the USA.
Rethinks the relationship between urban centers and suburban districts.
Calls for compact, sustainable land-use development.
What are the key strategies of smart growth?
Increase density (intensification).
Enhance transportation choices (public transit, cycling).
Improve water quality and stormwater management.
Protect natural areas from overdevelopment.
Revise regulatory practices to promote sustainable growth.
What is the goal of urban containment?
Prevent sprawl by setting a hard border for development.
Ensure cities use existing resources and land more efficiently.
What defines a complete community?
Mixed-use developments (residential, commercial, employment spaces).
Encourages self-sufficient neighborhoods where people can live, work, and access services.
Provides a variety of housing options.
How does Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) contribute to sustainable city-building?
Promotes multi-modal travel (public transit, walking, cycling).
Uses development revenue (fees and taxes) to fund transport infrastructure.
How is London addressing urban growth?
Expanding its urban growth boundary by ~2,000 hectares beyond existing greenfields.
Applying Smart Growth principles in the city center while still supporting
suburban sprawl.
Faces challenges in funding transportation and services for suburban expansion.
How is Toronto addressing housing shortages?
Using infill development and increasing density.
Exploring solutions like laneway housing.
