Week 2: Community Planning: History, Process, and Key Tools Flashcards
What are the key functions of urban planning?
- Regulating land use & density
- processing information to develop regulations
- supporting political decision-making,
- incorporating public feedback while collaborating with stakeholders.
When did urban planning become a professional practice in Canada?
Early 20th century
What were the initial goals of urban planning in Canada?
To create predictable growth, control urban expansion, separate noxious land uses from residential areas, and improve city aesthetics.
When was the Town Planning Institute of Canada established, and why?
In 1919, to professionalize city planning and optimize land/resource use while balancing social and economic needs.
What was the City Beautiful Movement?
A movement applying European aesthetics to North American cities, emphasizing classical design but criticized for prioritizing beauty over practicality.
What was the Garden City Movement?
A 19th-century British urban planning approach that aimed to separate urban functions, increase green space, and improve quality of life but led to issues like suburban isolation and long commutes.
What is the purpose of the Green Belt in urban planning?
To ensure recreation, wildlife protection, and public access to nature.
What are the six key steps in the planning process?
- Identify the issue (s)
- Analyze data
- Develop alternatives/options
- Conduct environmental and social impact assessments
- Select a plan
- Implement, monitor, and evaluate legacy impacts
What is land-use planning?
The large-scale organization of land for various functions, ensuring sustainable development and conservation.
What is zoning?
The division of land into specific categories (e.g., residential, commercial) with regulations to control development.
What are development regulations?
Detailed guidelines on how urban spaces should be built and maintained.
What is a community plan (local area plan)?
A long-term (~10-15 years) vision for municipal development, addressing aspects like winter planning, walkability, and land use.
What are special area (secondary) plans?
Focused planning efforts for heritage protection, industrial parks, redevelopment, and transportation infrastructure.
How have cars impacted city planning?
They led to highway expansion and suburbanization but now contribute to congestion, pollution, and transit inefficiencies.
What are major housing challenges in urban planning?
Affordability, suburban sprawl, car dependency, and lack of accessible housing options.
What is the role of community engagement in urban planning?
Ensuring that planning decisions reflect diverse community needs and interests while balancing conflicting visions.
How does planning intersect with Indigenous communities?
Establishing urban reserves, allowing Indigenous control over zoning/land use, and integrating Indigenous perspectives into planning.
Why is private interest a factor in urban planning?
Reduced government funding has increased reliance on private investments for infrastructure projects like stadiums and transit.
What are major environmental concerns in urban planning?
Flood prevention,
ecological sustainability, and mitigating natural disasters
