Week 4 Transcultural Nursing

Question 1

Definition of culture

Answer 1

Learned shared & transmitted values, beliefs, norms & lifeways of a particular culture that guides the thinking, decisions & actions in patterned ways & often intergenerational

Question 2

What is transcultural nursing?

Answer 2

Comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and differences across human groups

View as exciting opportunity to learn from someone else & to experience something new vs. focusing on ‘difference’

Recognizes that culture affects health care & outcomes

Question 3

What is ‘emic’?

Answer 3

insider knowledge and perspective.
The lived experience by local/indigenous individuals

Question 4

What is ‘etic’?

Answer 4

Outsider view/perspective
- professional and institutional knowledge

Ex. looking at someone’s behaviour, but you don’t know why it exists

Question 5

What is ethnocentrisms?

Answer 5

Thinking that one’s own race is superior to others’
- judging other groups from our cultural POV

Question 6

What is meant by perceptual filtering?

Answer 6

Refers 🡪 process of taking in new information & interpreting it according to prior experiences/cultural norms

People use these filters 🡪 help reduce uncertainty about new experiences

Question 7

What is cultural competence?

Answer 7

The ability to effectively deal with persons and groups of diverse backgrounds.

Involves self reflection of own cultural values and how they impact the care they provide
- i.e. ability to assess and respect the values, attitudes, and beliefs of persons from other cultures and respond appropriately in planning, implementing, and evaluating a plan of care that incorporates health-related beliefs and cultural values, knowledge of disease incidence and prevalence, and treatment efficacy

Question 8

What are stereotypes? How do stereotypes impact nursing?

Answer 8

Stereotypes are mistaken perceptions typically rooted in strong feelings and lack of knowledge.

Stereotypes might interfere with good patient care because it may cause friction between the patient and the health care provider.

Question 9

Explain the steps to the continuum of cultural competency

Answer 9

1) Cultural defensiveness - forced assimilation, discrimination, rights and privileges for dominant groups only

2) Cultural incapacity - racism, stereotypes, unfair hiring

3) Cultural blindness - ignores differences, treats everyone the same

4) Cultural pre-competence - explores cultural issues, assesses needs of individuals and organization

5) Cultural competence - recognizes individual + culturally differences

6) Cultural proficiency - implement changes to improve service to culturally diverse groups

Question 10

What are the 4 phases of multiculturalism?

Answer 10

1) cultural preservation
2) group relations
3) anti-racism/anti-oppression
4) integration

Question 11

What is the difference between cultural literacy and cultural relativism?

Answer 11

Cultural Literacy - being able to understand the traditions, regular activities and history of a group of people from a given culture.

Cultural Relativism - idea that a person’s beliefs and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture.

Question 12

What is acculturation?

Answer 12

Learning and assimilation to the dominate culture

Question 13

What are components of the ‘Patient’s explanatory model’?

Answer 13

What do you think has caused your problem?

Why do you think it started when it did?

What do you think your sickness (injury) does to you?

How severe is your sickness (injury)? Will it have a short- or long-term course?

What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?

Question 14

What were the 3 health belief practices discussed in class?

Answer 14

1) Efficacious
- Healthcare practices may be beneficial even though they may be different from modern Western practices
- Ex: using acupuncture to treat reduce & reduce pain

2) Neutral
- Healthcare may offer no physical benefit to patient, but rather emotional/mental benefit

3) Dysfunctional
- An obvious dysfunctional practice = eating wrong food
- Ex: Consuming over-refined sugar & flour is not healthy, but it is a North American diet

Question 15

What is Becker’s Health Belief Model

Answer 15

According to this model, the chances a person will adopt a healthy behaviour depends on the outcome of two assessments they make:
1) Perceived susceptibility to a health threat
2) Perceived seriousness of the health threat

Question 16

What are the modifiable factors in Becker’s health belief model?

Answer 16

• demographics, socio-psychological
• cues to action: advice and reminders from family, friends, or primary physician, articles or TV info, illness of a family member

Question 17

What two factors impact the likelihood of action in Becker’s health belief model?

Answer 17

Perceived benefits of the healthy behaviour/treatment
Perceived barriers

Question 18

Give an example of institutionalized racism

Answer 18

Differential access to the goods, services, and opportunities of society by race

Question 19

What is Joyce’s principle?

Answer 19

Joyce’s Principle intends to guarantee Indigenous people have equitable access to health and social services without discrimination.

Question 20

What is Jordan’s principle?

Answer 20

Jordan’s principle, the child-first and needs-based commitment to ensure First Nations children receive equitable access to all government services.

Question 21

Difference between:
- cultural awareness
- cultural sensitivity
- cultural competence
- cultural safety

Answer 21

awareness - an acknowledgement of differences
sensitivity - attitude changes, respecting differences
competence - knowledgeable and skillful in providing care across various cultural groups
safety - involves self-reflection leading to empathy and advocacy for clients

Question 22

What is the result of cultural safety?

Answer 22

an environment free of racism and discrimination, where people feel safe when receiving health care.

Question 23

What is cultural humility?

Answer 23

process of self-reflectio​n to understand personal and systemic biases and to develop and maintain respectful processes and relationships based on mutual trust.

Cultural humility involves humbly acknowledging oneself as a learner when it comes to understanding another’s experience.