Week 4 - speech perception & production Flashcards
What month does reflexive vocalisation take place?
0-2 months - biological sounds - crying, burping
What month does cooing & laughter take place?
2-4 months (sustained laughter at 4 months / 16 weeks)
- coos when happy
What month does vocal play take place?
4-6 months
- squealing, growling and yelling
- ‘marginal babbling’ - cv like sounds increase
What month does canonical babbling take place?
(aka reduplicated)
- 6> months
- repeated speech syllables - cvcvcv structures e.g. bababa
What month does conversational babbling take place?
aka variegated babbling
- 10> months
- varied range of consonants
- different syllables structures kabaduba
- prosody
What is Prosody?
Intonation
When do first words appear?
10 - 18 months
12 months usually
18 months a bit later
When can infants discriminate phonetic contrasts in ALL languages?
0-4 months
When do infants have language specific perception?
6 - 9 months
When do infants fail to discriminate foreign language consonants?
10 months
Challenged of segmenting the speech stream?
- new words presented in sentences, not in isolation
- can be embedded in larger words such as can in cancer
- may require top-down processing
How is infant perception studied?
Brain Imaging - EEG/ ERP
- measured brain activity/waves
What does EEG / ERP stand for?
Electroencephalogram, Event Related Potential
What does HAS experiments stand for?
High Amplitude Sucking - sucking rate reflects infant’s interest - faster, more interested
What age for HAS experiments?
0-3 months
What is Habituation?
Eventual loss of response to a stimulus
What is Dishabituation?
Recovery to normal baseline response when receiving different stimulus
Why does HAS work?
Children can recognize even new slightly distinct sounds.
Other experiments to test infant perception?
Head turn preference procedure, preferential looking
What is the Head Turn Preference?
When the infant looks away from the stimulus for more than 2 seconds
What is Preferential Looking?
Two images with audio playing that matches one image - measure looking time with eye tracking machines
How do newborns show a preference for speech?
Rather listen to human speech than other sounds
How many weeks of gestation does auditory function become functional by?
24th week
What is the Language Discrimination test?
Infants can distinguish between languages as they sucked more at the change in language