Week 3 - vowels, dipthongs & IPA Flashcards
What are monophtongs?
Single vowel sounds
What are diphtongs?
Two vowel sounds
What is height of a vowel?
The height of tongue in the mouth or openness of jaw
What is a high height / closed jaw vowel?
/i/
What is a mid height / mid jaw vowel?
/e/
What is a low height/ open jaw vowel?
/a/
What is Backness?
The tongue is positioned front, centre or back
What is a front vowel?
/i/ , /e/, /ae/
What is a back vowel?
/u/ , /o/
What is roundedness?
The posture of the lips - /u/
What is /ə/ ?
Schwa - thIRd, tURn, wORse
(closed-mid, central)
What is /ɜ/ ?
e.g. nURse
(open-mid, central)
*jaw drops slightly compared to schwa
What is /i/?
= eee
(closed, front)
What is /a/?
e.g. far
What is /e/ / ɛ / ?
e.g. brEAd, - eh
(open-mid, front)
What is / æ / ?
e.g. cAt
(open, back)
What is / ɪ /?
- short e sounds e.g. kIt
(near front, near close)
What is /u/?
e.g. gOOse (rounded)
(closed, back)
What is /ɒ/?
e.g. lOt
(rounded open, back )
What is /ɔ/?
e.g. tALk, lAW
(rounded, back, open-mid
What is /ʌ /?
e.g. strUt, fUn
(near back/back, near close)
- like southern
What is /ʊ/?
e.g pUt, lOOk
(rounded, near back, near close)
What symbol for long vowels?
colon :
/a:/
What is a closing dipthong?
Tongue moves from open to close position
- . /eɪ/ as in face
What is a centring dipthong?
2nd part of the diphthong is more open than the first part - from close to open such as /eɪ/ - hERE
What is /eɪ/ ?
“ay”
- day, pay
What is /aɪ/ ?
“eye”
- sky, buy
What is /ɔɪ/ ?
“oy”
- boy, toy
What is /ɪə/?
“eere”
- hear, beer
What is /eə/ ?
“air”
- bear, pair
What is /ʊə/ ?
“ore”
- tour, poor
What is /əʊ/ ?
“oh”
- phone, no, so
What is /aʊ/ ?
“ow”
- how, now, cow
What are the articulators?
The part that moves to make that certain syllable e.g. tongue, lips
What is a closing diphthong?
Tongue moves from open to close position e.g. /eI/ “face”
What is a centring diphthong?
Tongue moves from close to open position. e.g. ɪə - “here”
What are syllabic sonorant consonants?
- continuous, non-turbulent airflow such as midDLE - not a vowel but SSC
What are the sonorant consonants?
Nasals and approximants - n, ng, m, w, j, l , r
What is the nucleus of a syllable?
The peak - the vowel or sonorant consonant
What is the onset of a syllable?
The bit before the nucleus e.g. STraw
What is the coda of a syllable?
The bit after the nucleus e.g. teNT
What is the Rime?
Nucleus + coda (don’t always need a coda, still called rime)
Why do humans need syllables?
To segment speech stream, give a rhythm, easier to process
How to transcribe syllable structures?
Sound out consonants C and vowels V, use . to separate syllables and don’t look at the number of letters
What are Pulmonic Consonants?
Consonants produced on an egressive air stream - still unclear about this
Where are non-standard British English sounds found?
Regional variations e.g. north east - glottal stop
Speaker of other languages e.g. voiced retroflex approximants in urdu
What are Diacritics?
indicates a difference in pronunciation - a little / underneath the letter
- used often in syllabic consonants such as mid/l
