Week 3 - vowels, dipthongs & IPA

Question 1

What are monophtongs?

Answer 1

Single vowel sounds

Question 2

What are diphtongs?

Answer 2

Two vowel sounds

Question 3

What is height of a vowel?

Answer 3

The height of tongue in the mouth or openness of jaw

Question 4

What is a high height / closed jaw vowel?

Answer 4

/i/

Question 5

What is a mid height / mid jaw vowel?

Answer 5

/e/

Question 6

What is a low height/ open jaw vowel?

Answer 6

/a/

Question 7

What is Backness?

Answer 7

The tongue is positioned front, centre or back

Question 8

What is a front vowel?

Answer 8

/i/ , /e/, /ae/

Question 9

What is a back vowel?

Answer 9

/u/ , /o/

Question 10

What is roundedness?

Answer 10

The posture of the lips - /u/

Question 11

What is /ə/ ?

Answer 11

Schwa - thIRd, tURn, wORse
(closed-mid, central)

Question 12

What is /ɜ/ ?

Answer 12

e.g. nURse
(open-mid, central)
*jaw drops slightly compared to schwa

Question 13

What is /i/?

Answer 13

= eee
(closed, front)

Question 14

What is /a/?

Answer 14

e.g. far

Question 15

What is /e/ / ɛ / ?

Answer 15

e.g. brEAd, - eh
(open-mid, front)

Question 16

What is / æ / ?

Answer 16

e.g. cAt
(open, back)

Question 17

What is / ɪ /?

Answer 17

• short e sounds e.g. kIt
  (near front, near close)

Question 18

What is /u/?

Answer 18

e.g. gOOse (rounded)
(closed, back)

Question 19

What is /ɒ/?

Answer 19

e.g. lOt
(rounded open, back )

Question 20

What is /ɔ/?

Answer 20

e.g. tALk, lAW
(rounded, back, open-mid

Question 21

What is /ʌ /?

Answer 21

e.g. strUt, fUn
(near back/back, near close)
- like southern

Question 22

What is /ʊ/?

Answer 22

e.g pUt, lOOk
(rounded, near back, near close)

Question 23

What symbol for long vowels?

Answer 23

colon :
/a:/

Question 24

What is a closing dipthong?

Answer 24

Tongue moves from open to close position
- . /eɪ/ as in face

Question 25

What is a centring dipthong?

Answer 25

2nd part of the diphthong is more open than the first part - from close to open such as /eɪ/ - hERE

Question 26

What is /eɪ/ ?

Answer 26

"ay" - day, pay

Question 27

What is /aɪ/ ?

Answer 27

"eye" - sky, buy

Question 28

What is /ɔɪ/ ?

Answer 28

"oy" - boy, toy

Question 29

What is /ɪə/?

Answer 29

"eere" - hear, beer

Question 30

What is /eə/ ?

Answer 30

"air" - bear, pair

Question 31

What is /ʊə/ ?

Answer 31

"ore" - tour, poor

Question 32

What is /əʊ/ ?

Answer 32

"oh" - phone, no, so

Question 33

What is /aʊ/ ?

Answer 33

"ow" - how, now, cow

Question 34

What are the articulators?

Answer 34

The part that moves to make that certain syllable e.g. tongue, lips

Question 35

What is a closing diphthong?

Answer 35

Tongue moves from open to close position e.g. /eI/ "face"

Question 36

What is a centring diphthong?

Answer 36

Tongue moves from close to open position. e.g. ɪə - "here"

Question 37

What are syllabic sonorant consonants?

Answer 37

- continuous, non-turbulent airflow such as midDLE - not a vowel but SSC

Question 38

What are the sonorant consonants?

Answer 38

Nasals and approximants - n, ng, m, w, j, l , r

Question 39

What is the nucleus of a syllable?

Answer 39

The peak - the vowel or sonorant consonant

Question 40

What is the onset of a syllable?

Answer 40

The bit before the nucleus e.g. STraw

Question 41

What is the coda of a syllable?

Answer 41

The bit after the nucleus e.g. teNT

Question 42

What is the Rime?

Answer 42

Nucleus + coda (don't always need a coda, still called rime)

Question 43

Why do humans need syllables?

Answer 43

To segment speech stream, give a rhythm, easier to process

Question 44

How to transcribe syllable structures?

Answer 44

Sound out consonants C and vowels V, use . to separate syllables and don't look at the number of letters

Question 45

What are Pulmonic Consonants?

Answer 45

Consonants produced on an egressive air stream - still unclear about this

Question 46

Where are non-standard British English sounds found?

Answer 46

Regional variations e.g. north east - glottal stop Speaker of other languages e.g. voiced retroflex approximants in urdu

Question 47

What are Diacritics?

Answer 47

indicates a difference in pronunciation - a little / underneath the letter - used often in syllabic consonants such as mid/l