Week 4 - Social Identity Leadership Flashcards
Social identity approach
The self can change based on the situation and can be understood in different ways, like as an individual, a member of a group, part of an organization, belonging to a country, or as part of all humanity.
Self-categorization theory
How people catergorize themselves in social groups, “Who am I?”
Leadership attributions as outcomes of psychological group membership
In-group based trust
In-group based charisma
In-group based fairness
Eccentric/exclusive view
We think of ourselves as unique individuals - personal identity, ‘I’ and ‘me’
Concentric/inclusive view
We think of ourselves from a shared group membership point of view - ‘us’ , ‘we’
Group identity
Self-esteem is derived from collective achievements
Motivation to cooperate is high within groups
Subgroup identity
Self-esteem is derived from group achievements
Motivation to cooperate is high within groups and low across groups
Personal identity
Self-esteem is derived from personal achievemtns
Why does social identity matter?
Once we establish a shared social identity, we see ourselves as interchangeable with our group members.
How can group functioning be facilitated?
Through situations that emphasize shared identity
Leadership as social identity management
Leaders must have the ability to create, represent, advance and embed a special sense of ‘us’.
The social identity approach
People define themselves through social identity as “us members,” not just personal identity as “I,” and are motivated to maintain a positive and distinct self-concept by viewing their in-group as special and favorable compared to out-groups.
4 key elements of leadership
Leaders can be one of us
Leaders should be doing it for us
Leaders craft a sense of us
Leaders make us matter
Being one of us
Leaders are ingroup prototypes and are more effective when they are perceived to represent a social identity we share
Doing it for us
Leaders are ingroup champions: they are more effective when they are perceived to stand up for the social identity we share
Crafting a sense of us
Leaders are entrepreneurs of identity: they ensure that they create and maintain a coherent sense of ‘we’ and ‘us’ and define what ‘us’ means
Making us matter
Leaders are embedders of identity: they ensure that the rhetoric of ‘us’ is translated into lived experience
The rise and fall of great leaders
Leader but not followers gets credit and reward for group success
Material and psychological distance between leader and followers
CARE square
Crafting us, advancing us, representing us and embedding us
Social influence as an outcome of pscyhological group membership
Only the behavior of an in-group member led participants to follow through
In-group trust
Shared in-group membership provides the basis for establishing trust in relationships
In-group charisma
Enhancing one’s in-group credentials will enhance charisma
In-group fairness
The outcome of a leader’s behavior and of potential followers’ understanding of that behavior.
Relative in-group prototypically
Degree to which an individual group member is similar to all other group members
Leadership
The process of influencing others in a manner that enhances their contribution to the realization of group goals
Identity Leadership Inventory (ILI)
Measures different leadership dynamics
Social identity framing
How leaders use interpretative schemas to organize and make sense of events into a meaningful picture that helps guide action
Social identity
The part of an individual’s self-concept which derives from their knowledge of their group membership (norms, attitudes and behaviors)
Social identity theory of leadership
Leaders influence followers’ self-concept
Leaders act as ‘identity entrepreneus’
Functions of a leader
Articulating a vision
Highlighting compatibility of vision with social identity
Persuading followers
Delineating practical means of vision attainment
Helping to organize the group to accomplish it
Field theory
The more a group member values a leader, the greater the resistance will be toward change
3 steps to framing
Social identity unfreezing:
Social identity moving:
Social identity freezing:
Social identity unfreezing
Reducing resistance by lessening the social value of the group standard.
Social identity moving
Detailing the change and moving the group standard to a new level
Social identity freezing
Secure the new group standard to ensure the permanency of the change
Followers’ reaction to leaders’ messages
Cognitive processing: must followers engage in effortful processing of the leader’s message for social identity reframing to occur?
- ELM
- Source cues (attractiveness, expertise, trustworthiness)
Fraternal deprivation
A group member’s feeling of resentment stemming from perceiving an ingroup disadvantage compared to an advantaged outgroup
Group types
The moral majority (powerful and large in number)
The elite (powerful, but relatively small in number)
The powerless populace (numerically large, but little power)
The subjugated (small in size, holds little power)
Outgroup social identity framing
Redefining ingroup perceptions of social identity of the outgroup
