Week 4 - Sense Organs Flashcards
What are some relevant nursing actions?
- Assessing and recording neurological observations
- Care of the unconscious patient, eye and ear medications
- Theatre nursing (anaesthetics)
- Tympanic temperature
- Personal protective equipment (PPE).
Describe the neuron composition of the optic disc (blind spot)
- Area of retina where optic nerve (neuron axons) exits the eye
- No photoreceptors (rods, cones), no vision
Describe the neuron composition of the fovea (page 343)
- Centre of macula
- Highest concentration of cones (photoreceptors)
Name the duct that connects the eye with the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
Explain why it is good practice to block off the nasolacrimal duct when administering eye drops.
Prevent external medication becoming an internal medication
Explain why upper respiratory tract infections often lead to problems with the middle ear
Pathogens spread from nasopharynx to middle ear through the auditory tube
Explain the consequence of the hair cells in the spiral organ being damaged.
Hearing loss
Name the subdivision of the ANS that enables the body to manage unusual stimuli.
Sympathetic
List the functions of this ‘E’ division (Fight, flight or freeze)
- Exercise
- Excitement
- Emergency
- Embarrassment
Name the subdivision of the ANS that conserves energy, calms the body, acts more locally, and maintains daily necessary functions.
Parasympathetic
List the functions of this ‘D’ division (Housekeeping)
- Digestion
- Diuresis
- Defaecation
True or False - Taste cells in the taste buds are known as gustatory cells.
True
True or False - Semi-circular ducts (cupula) monitor rotational movements of the head.
True
True or False - The vestibule (otoliths) is sensitive to gravity and linear acceleration.
True
True or False -The inner ear contains the ossicles (malleus, incus and stapes).
False
True or False - The photoreceptors of the eye are known as rods and plates.
False
True or False - The sympathetic nervous system is often referred to as the
“fight or flight” system or the ‘E’ division of the ANS.
True
True or False - The effects of the parasympathetic or ‘D’ division of the ANS
are more localized and specific than the sympathetic.
True
True or False - The sympathetic nervous system stimulates digestion.
False
True or False - Things we see with the left eye are perceived only in the right occipital lobe.
False
True or False - The middle ear is filled with air, but the membranous labyrinth of the cochlea and semi-circular canals are filled with liquid (endolymph and perilymph).
True
Which statement is correct? - 1. An adrenergic medication would mimic the sympathetic / parasympathetic nervous system. 2. A cholinergic medication would mimic the sympathetic / parasympathetic nervous system.
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
One of the control centres for sleep is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located above the hypothalamus. Nerve signals from the ______ pass to the SCN where they are used to synchronise the body organs with the day (light) night (dark) cycle known as the ______ rhythm.
Eyes; circadian
Globally, vitamin A, zinc and iron are the most deficient nutrients in the human diet. Vitamin A is required for normal vision (rods), epithelial cell growth and immune function. The foods listed below contain vitamin A or a precursor to this vitamin. Identify the option that contains the richest sources of vitamin A.
- Beef liver
- Sweet potato
- Carrots
- Mangoes
- Fortified cereal
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin, cobalt) functions as a cofactor for enzymes in DNA synthesis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. For example, in the nervous system it is required for the synthesis of myelin and in the bone marrow for the maturation of erythrocytes. In the stomach, hydrochloric acid and pepsin are required to release vitamin B12 from protein-rich foods and the intrinsic factor is required to transport vitamin B12 to the small intestine for absorption. Interestingly, both vitamin B12 and folate require each other for their activation, reinforcing the need to ingest a diverse range of whole foods. Identify the option that contains the richest sources of vitamin B12.
- Meat
- Fish
- Poultry
- Full fat milk
- Cheese
- Yoghurt
- Eggs
