Week 10 - Microbial Flashcards
What are some relevant nursing actions?
- Pressure area care, wound dressing and assessment
- Personal protective equipment (PPE)
- Infection control
- Reverse barrier nursing
- Invasive nursing procedures such as urinary catheter insertion
Define symbiosis
Together, live
Briefly describe the symbiotic relationships - Mutualism
Both benefit
Briefly describe the symbiotic relationships - Commensal
One benefit
Briefly describe the symbiotic relationships - Parasitic
One benefit and one is harmed
Briefly describe the symbiotic relationships - Opportunistic
- Microorganisms or infectious agent (microbiota) in:
- Incorrect location
- Incorrect proportion = pathogenic
Differentiate a resident from a transient microorganism
Resident - Inhabit normal locations for extended periods
Transient - Temporary visitors
List the main locations of the human microbiota
Digestive Tract:
- Mouth
- Small and large intestine
- Skin
- Upper respiratory tract
- Vagina
List the reported functions of the human microbiota
- Help digest food
- Produce ATP and vitamins
- Produce hormones, neurotransmitters, gases, anti-inflammatory chemicals etc
- Immunity
Discuss the impact of appropriate nutrition, sleep and physical exercise on the composition and functioning of the colon microbiota
Maintain the correct diversity, balance and functioning of the colon microbiota
One of the nursing principles for cleaning a circular wound is to swab from inside to outside.
Justify why you would clean in this way
Avoid moving resident microbiota or transient microbe into area of broken skin (first line of defence)
Describe the formation, composition, location and functioning of a biofilm
- Organised, layered system of microorganisms eg. bacteria, attached to each other and surface
- Function as a group by communicating through chemical signals
Explain what this indicates about the bacterial distribution across each wound
- Moisture will flow down with gravity
- Wetter region of wound will favour bacterial growth
One of the nursing principles for cleaning a long wound is to clean from top to bottom. Justify why you would clean in this way
Avoid moving bacteria in wettest region (high bacterial population) to dryest region (lower bacterial population)
Explain why the catheterisation process is conducted aseptically by the nurse
Prevent introduction of microorganisms (resident and transient) from the perineum into the urinary tract
Explain why a nasogastric tube is not left in place indefinitely
- Avoid biofilm formation
- Tube breaks first line of defense
- Feed provides nutrient source for microorganisms
Explain why an intravenous cannula is replaced every 24 to 48 hours
- Avoid biofilm formation
- Cannula breaks first and second line of defence
Discuss why these medications are significant to your and the patients’ microbiota
Destry and upset the balance of microorganisms in the resident microbial communities of the bodies
Identify which form of nut would be ‘expected’ to raise the blood glucose (insulin) and triglyceride levels the least
Whole walnut halves
All nuts contain beneficial ______ fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins (B, E, folate), polyphenols and plant fibre. Their consumption (a variety, 1⁄2 cup most days) has been shown to decrease the level of ______ and increase the health span of humans
Unsaturated; low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
The administration of certain ______ containing foods (live microorganism) has been shown to reduce the risk and severity of respiratory infection. The scientific literature reports there is a microbial connection between the intestines and lungs known as the gut-lung axis
Probiotic
Therefore, the metabolites (chemicals) produced by the microbiota are not only interacting with the immune cells in the intestine, but entering the body via the blood, lymph and nerves and influencing our organs. These metabolites are collectively known as ______ (e.g., SCFA)
Postbiotics
The responsiveness of the microbiota to food and ultra-processed ‘products’ make it an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. To ensure the microbiota receive the fuel they require, it is recommended to ingest ______ containing foods (fibre, resistant starches) that progress to the colon. Note, the digestion of ultra processed ‘products’ is finalised in the small intestine
Prebiotic
Identify which prebiotic-containing foods are not assigned to their correct plant group
Cruciferae: Carrots, sweet potato, parsnips, beans, turnips
For a dietary-microbial intervention to be effective, a personalised approach is required as individuals respond differently to food and only share ~______ % of the same microbiota
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