Week 4 - roadmap of the central nervous system Flashcards
What comprises the Central Nervous System?
The brain and the spinal cord.
What does the Peripheral Nervous System do?
Connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body.
What are the sub-systems within the Peripheral Nervous System?
The Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomic Nervous System (SNS and PNS).
Which two sub-systems comprise the Autonomic Nervous System?
The Sympathetic Nervous System and the Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Which system is responsible for increasing digestive activity?
The Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Which System is responsible for increased breathing, heartrate and arousal?
The Sympathetic Nervous System.
Which System is responsible for vegetative and non-emergency responses?
The Parasympathetic Nervous System.
Which system releases norepinephine?
The Sympathetic Nervous System.
Which system releases acetylcholine?
The Parasympathetic Nervous System.
What does Ipsilateral mean?
This refers to pathways that stay on the same side of the body
What does contralateral mean?
This refers to pathways that travel to the other side of the body.
What does a horizontal plane divide?
The upper and lower parts of the brain.
What does a Saggital plane divide?
It bisects the left and the right sides.
What does a Coronaplane divide?
The front (face) from the back (as seen from the front)
What does Dorsal refer to?
The Back (or top of the brain)
What does Ventral refer to?
The Belly (or bottom of the brain)
What does medial vs. lateral refer to?
The distance from the line running down our bodies. Medial is close to the line (ie. the nose) and Lateral is far (ie. the ears).
What parts comprise the Hindbrain?
Medulla, Pons and Cerebellum.
Which parts constitute the Brainstem?
The medulla and pons (midbrain) and certain central structures of the FOREBRAIN constitute the Brainstem.
What can be regarded as an extension of the spinal cord?
The medulla.
What do cranial nerves do?
They control vital reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing and sneezing.
Which parts are within the midbrain?
Superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, tectum, tegmentum, pineal gland
What is the reticular formation responsible for?
Volume control for the brain! Arousal.
Which part of the hind brain is responsible for sleep regulation?
the pons.
Which parts of the brain are considered the basal gangliar?
Thalamus, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, putamen, amygdala
What are the basal gangliar for?
Initiating movement. Striding, gate. Implicated in Parkinson’s - Degradation of initiation of movement.
Which area of the brain works faster? Parietal or Temporal lobe?
Parietal.
What is the binding problem?
The fact that our perception is temporally coherent, but that everything we use in the brain to perceive operates in spatially disparate regions (in different hemispheres), at different times and at different speeds.
What is the possible outcome of a Corpus Collosotomy?
Alien Hand Syndrome - potentially two cognitive selves.
Would it be obvious meeting someone that they had been operated on with a corpus collosotomy?
No. It’s particularly in lab conditions that it is obvious.
Which hemisphere is language dominant?
Left hemisphere.
What is the Occipital lobe’s vibe?
The primary site for visual processing.
What does the Temporal lobe do?
It hosuses the auditory cortex, but is also involved in vision (inferior temporal) - processing faces, body parts
What does the Parietal lobe do?
Receives information about where the body is in space. Associative, integration information from touch and hearing. Decides if object is within reach, and how it is best grasped.
What is the Frontal lobe do?
Fine motor movements, also high level cognitive - memory, planning, high-level decision making, personality.
What is the most recently developed and associative part of the brain?
The frontal lobe.
What is the limbic forebrain comprised of?
Cingulate girus, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amydala.
What is the limbic system responsible for?
Memory, emotions, fear, sex (maybe orientation), eating, smell (olfaction), space/location of objects, navigation
Components of the basal ganglia?
Thalamus, Globus Pallidus, Cuadate nucleus, Putamen, Amygdala
What is the basal ganglia important for?
Planning and initiating basic movement.
Are the two halves of the brain conneted by more than just the corpus collosum?
Yes. Small regions of crossover (commissures) - anterior and hippocampal.
Where does light coming from the LEFT visual field go?
It goes to the RIGHT side of both the LEFT and RIGHT retina, then the LEFT visual field information reaches the RIGHT hemisphere. and vice/versa.
What is the LEFT hemisphere typically good for?
Language/details, Analytic, Functional knowledge/memory, Explicit knowledge, Declarative memory
What is the RIGHT hemisphere typically good for?
Patterns, Holistic, Spatial relations, Object recognition/processing, Emotional information, Emotional production.
What is the unique difference between the two brain hemispheres?
Planum temporale of the temporal cortex.
