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Healthy Aging Midterm 1 > Week 4 - Psychological Aging and Mental Health > Flashcards

Week 4 - Psychological Aging and Mental Health Flashcards

1
Q

definition: mental health

A
  • cognitive function: changes in memeory, attention and processing speed
  • mental disorders
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2
Q

definition: well-being

A
  • coping mechanisms
  • resilience: ability to adapt positively tto adversity or significant life events
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3
Q

definition: quality of life

A
  • life satisfaction: overall contentment and fulfillment with life experiences
  • purpose and meaning: a sense of contribution and meaningful engagemetn in daily activities and relationships
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4
Q

definition: social connections

A
  • social support: relationships with family, friends, community
  • social isolation: degree to which an individual acks a sense of engament with others
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5
Q

definition: life transititons

A
  • retirement: adjusting to a nrw phase in life with changes to one’s routine, responsibilities and identiy
  • bereavement: coping with loss and associated grief processes
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6
Q

definition: cultural influences

A
  • cultural identity: preservation and influence of ones cultural background
  • cultural competence: ability to interact effective;y wiht people from diverse cultural backgrounds
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7
Q

______ is the most common mental healht condition among older adults

A

depression

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8
Q

definition: self-identity and autonomy

A
  • self-esteem: maintaining a positive self-image and self-worht
  • autonomy: maintaining independence and control over one’s life decisions
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8
Q

what is mental illness?

A
  • alteration in thinking, mood or behaviour
  • associated with significant distress and impairmed funtioning
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9
Q

what effects mental health?

A
  • physical factors
  • social factors
  • emotional factos
  • spiritual factors
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9
Q

globally, ~__% of deaths from suicide are among people aged 60 or over

A

25

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10
Q

why are mental illnessed missed in older adults?

A
  • signs and symptoms differ from those in younger ppl
  • less likely to self-identify
  • accompany or stem from serious physical illnesses/disorders
  • environmental, social and cultural factors can affect perfsons signs and symptoms and willingness to seek trwatment
  • caregiver stress and burnout
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11
Q

what % of adults in canada did not get help they needed because of costs?

A

15% and the average for the world was 11% so were not doing good

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12
Q

common mental health disorders in older adults (9)

A
  • depression
  • suicide
  • anxiety disorder
  • dementiona
  • loneliness and isolation
  • delusional disorders
  • delirium
  • paraphrenia
  • concurrent disorders
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12
Q

neurotransmitters

A
  • dopamine (reward-motivation system, motor control, decision-making and teaching, motivation, pleasure)
  • serotonin (boost when you feel significantly important, mood, memory, sleep, cognition)
  • norepinephrine (regulates blood pressure, memory formation and retrieval, stress and sleep regulation)
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13
Q

depression and aging

A
  • not normal part of aging
  • reactive (such as after long-term care admission)
  • late onset depression often has a cognitive components, some memory impairment, which might be related to decreased blood flows or TIAs (temporary blood clot which blocks blood travellung to brain)
  • symptoms similar to dementia so they are often thought to only have dementia
14
Q

symptoms of depression in older people

A
  • change in sleep patterns
  • lack of interest or pleasure
  • guilt of feeling like a burden
  • declne in concentration
  • less energy
  • more irritable
  • changes in appetite
  • reduced activiity
  • suicide
15
Q

Delirium

A

acute change in mental status causing shift in cognitive functioning, reduced environmental awareness, altered attention, and behaviour changes

16
Q

delirium outcomes: short-term

A
  • falls
  • pressure inujuries
  • aspiration pneumonia
  • distress
  • prolonged hospital stay
  • long-term care admission
  • increased risk of mortality
16
Q

3 types of delirium

A
  • hyoactive: withdrawn, reduced speech and activity, apathy, unawareness
  • hyperactivity: increased activity, irritability, restlessness, combativeness
  • mixed: fluctuations in psychomotor activity
17
Q

delirium outcomes: long-term

A
  • functional and cognitive impairment
  • dementia
  • post-traumatic stress symptoms
  • sleep disturbances
  • increased risk of mortality
18
Q

factors reducing risk of delirium

A
  • cognitive reserve: capacity of mature adult brain can buffer the effects of neurological disease or injury
  • social support and interactions: regular visists from care partners
  • environmental influences: exposure to natural daylight (promote regular circadian rhythms and healhty sleep cycles)
  • pain management: appropriate and consistent pain assessments
19
Q

description of risk factors of delirium

A

look at slide

20
Q

delirium distress (7)

A
  • fear
  • anger
  • guilt
  • frustration
  • hopelessness
  • loss of control
  • embarassment
21
Q

when an individual with pre-existing dementia develops delirium, it is called _____ _______ __ ______

A

delirium superimposed on dementia

22
Q

whos most vulnerable to delirium?

A

ppl wit dementia, depressiona nd acute psychiatric syndrome

23
Q

outcomes of high degree loneliness

A
  • suicide
  • alzeihmers
  • dementia
  • negative effects of immune system
  • negative effects of cardio-vascular system
  • increased risk of hospitalization
  • increase risk of long-term care facility placement
24
Q

types of loneliness

A
  • developmental: lack of balance between individualism and innate desire to relate to others
  • internal: perception of being alone, associated with low self-esteem & worth
  • situational: socia-economic and cultural milieu, effected by the environment
24
Q

social isolation: defnition

A

state in which the individual lacks a sense of belonging socially, lacks engagement with others, has a minimal number of social contacts and they are deficient in fulfilling and quality relationships

25
Q

social isolation leads to…

A
  • increased risk of all-cause mortality
  • dementia
  • increased risk of rehospitalization
  • increasedr number of falls
26
Q

principles for a comprehensive approach to aging and mental health (5)

A
  • they must have access to evidence-informed mental health treatment
  • they should recive the care and support they need
  • equity, diversity adn inclusion must be embedded in all mental health and dementia treatment
  • policy, programs and practices should support mentally healhty aging
  • governments at all levels must prioritize and invest in senior’s mental health and wellness
27
Q

Key takewasy from lecture

A

emphasized the need to tailored person-centred approaches to address social isolation and loneliness in older adults,, integrating both medical and non-medical solutions

Healthy Aging Midterm 1 (5 decks)

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