Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Healthy Aging Midterm 1 > Week 2 - Physical Healthy Aging > Flashcards

Week 2 - Physical Healthy Aging Flashcards

1
Q

General Physical Changes with aging (6)

A
  • increased risk of chronic disease
  • decline in lean body mass and bone density (increase risk of fractures)
  • increased risks of falls (increase risk of fractures)
  • impaired oral, eye, ear health
  • changes in skin, taste, smell
  • geriatric symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

geriatric symptoms

A

look at picture in slides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

changes during aging (7)

A
  • skeletal
  • musculature
  • vision
  • hearing
  • vestibular
  • joint proprioception
  • balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Skeletal system is essential for: (3)

A
  • calcium storage
  • movement
  • reduce frailty
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what starts at 30 relating to skeletal system?

A
  • decrease in density and mass of bones
  • bones become more fragile and easier to break
  • development of osteopeorosis or osteroarthritis
  • stiffer/less flexible joints (becuase cartilage becomes thinner and decrease in fluid in joints) - range from minor stiffness to arthritis
  • limited range of motion (becuase cartilage becomes thinner and decrease in fluid in joints)
  • collapse of vertebrae
  • breakdown of joints can cause pain, swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what starts at 30 relating to musculature?

A
  • muscles become less toned
    -muscle atrophy: thinning or loss of muscle tissue
  • sarcopenia: loss of muscle
  • muscle fibers not able to contract as quickly
  • presence of lipofuscin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are muscles essential for? (related to aging)

A
  • prevent weakness
  • fatigue
  • improve ability to perform activities of daily living
  • reduce risk of falls and injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

visual changes due to aging

A
  • changes occur due to environment, genes, illness/diseases, and socioeconomic factors
  • 1 in 9 canadians experience irreversible vision loss by age of 65
  • diseases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

common diseases associated with vision changing (5)

A
  • glaucoma
  • dry eyes
  • macular degeneration
  • cataracts
  • diabetic retinopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Age related changes in the eye (4)

A
  • pupil diameter decreases
  • lens proteins precipitate
  • vitreous humor changes from gel to liquid, may detach from retina
  • macula of retina (fovea) receptors generate and die causing loss of central vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hearing changes

A
  • presbycusis: progressive, multifaceted, age-related hearing loss (influenced by factors such as genetics, environment, trauma, ototoxic medicines)
  • multiple forms of hearing loss include: sensorineural, conductive and mixed hearing loss
  • can impact one or both ears
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vestibular changes

A
  • pinna enlarges with age
  • ear canal can collapse
  • hair growth
  • joints between ossicle bones calcify and become thinner
  • tympanic membrane becomes less vascular, elasticity and compliance decrease
  • muscle atrophy in eustachian tube
  • outer and inner hair cells in cochlea degenrate causinf presbycusis
  • hair cells in vestibular apparatus are lost and otoliths degenerate, negatively affecting balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Joint proprioception

A
  • mechanoreceptors changes, which are located in the joints, capsules, ligaments, muscle tendons and skin
  • impaired/deterioration of proprioception leading to less accurate detection of body position
  • can result in increased risk of falls and degenerative joint disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three fundamental properties of balance?

A
  • steadiness
  • symmetry
  • dynamic stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what systems/other aspects play a role in balance? (6)

A
  • musculoskeletal
  • central nervous
  • sensory
  • vision
  • vestibular system
  • proprioceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is one of the leasding health concerns for older adults?

A

falling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 10 most common chronic diseases?

A
  • ischemic heart disease
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • periodental disease
  • osteoarthritis
  • asthma
  • mood and anxiety disorders
  • osteoporosis
  • cancer
  • COPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

__% of individuals aged 65+ have at least 1 of 10 common chronic diseases

A

73

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 4 aging risk factors?

A
  • alcohol and tabacco use
  • poor nutrition
  • minimal physcial activity
  • not enough sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is multimorbidity associated with? (4)

A
  • impaired quality of life
  • increased use of health care resources, institutionalization
  • adverse health effects
  • disability and premature death
20
Q

what is multimorbidity?

A

co-occurence in the same individual of 2 or more of 10 common chronic diseases

21
Q

management of diabetes for older adults is more _____

A

complicated

22
Q

why is management of diabetes for older adults is more complicated?

A
  • coexisting medial conditions
  • cognitive issues
  • diabetes self-managment is more difficult due to lack of knowledge and access to resources
23
Q

what is the reason that high blood pressure is so common in older adults?

A

because their vascular system changes (reduction of elastic tissues, resulting in stiff arteries

24
Q

what age range is cancer most prevalent?

A

80-84 years old

25
Q

why is aging one of the most important risk factors for chronic disease?

A

becuase there is a reduction in our immune and endocrine system abilities
- organs abilities decline and eventually die

26
Q

facts about falsl

A
  • most common cause of inujury
  • one of the leading causes of death
  • 1/5 falls cause a serious or life-threatening injury
  • large costs of healhtycarse systems result from falls of elderly people
27
Q

why does cancer prevelence go down after the age of 85?

A

because age related declines in physiological processes that cause cancer slow down (decrease in cell growth so that also means decrease in cancer cell growth)

28
Q

what is the post-fall syndrome?

A

falling creates a cycle of increasing weakness and instability through joint mobility reductions, physical deconditioning and poor balance

29
Q

hata re the 7 outcomes of post fall syndrome?

A
  • dependence
  • loss of autonomy
  • loss of self-confidence
  • depression
  • confusion
  • immobilization
  • restriction to daily activities
30
Q

fall cycle

A

fall -> loss of balance confidence -> fear of faling again -> self restriction of physcial activity -> reduced muslcle strength, impaired balance -> abnormal gait, more unstable on feet -> increased risk of falling -> fall

31
Q

what is cautious gait?

A

excessive degree of age-related changes in wlaking and fear of falling

32
Q

what is frozen gait?

A

abdnormal gate pattern in which there are sudden, short and temporary episodes of an inability to move the feet forward despite the intention to walk

33
Q

what does AVOID stand for?

A

A - activity
V - vaccinate
O - optimize medications
I - interact
D - diet and nutrition

34
Q

what is the hierarchy of physcial function? (6)

A
  • physcially elite
  • physically fit
  • physically independent
  • physically frail
  • physically dependent
  • disabilty
35
Q

7 behaviours of healthy aging

A
  • exercising
  • eating well
  • not smoking
  • limiting alcohol
  • getting enough sleep
  • coping with stress
  • having a positive outlook
36
Q

what are basic activites of daily living?

A
  • dressing
  • locomotion
  • cotinence
  • eating
  • transferring
  • walking and moving around
37
Q

what are instrumental activities of faily living?

A
  • using a telephone
  • travelung
  • shopping
  • preparing meals
  • housework
  • taking medicine
38
Q

what are the 3 guidelines of older adults?

A
  • at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA a week (the more the better)
  • include muscle and bone strengthening activities using major muscle groups at least twice a week
  • PA that enhances balance and mobility to prevent falls
39
Q

what are the five types of PA?

A
  • aerobic (or endurance)
  • strength
  • flexibility
  • balance
  • functional
40
Q

Aeorbic exercise

A
  • supplies O2 to brain
  • walking, jogging, swimming, etc.
  • 20-30 mins a day moderate intensity
41
Q

strength training

A
  • muscles work more than daily living activities
  • weight taining, resistance bands, body weight
41
Q

felxibility

A
  • flexibility and stretching for increased freedom of movement for everyday activites and other exercise
  • yoga, leg raises, swimming, tai chi
42
Q

balance

A
  • strengthens muscles that keep you upright
  • imporve stability and prevent falls
43
Q

fucntional training

A
  • trains muscles to work otgether
  • prepares for daily tasks by reproducing common movements
  • various muscles in upper and lower used at the same time
44
Q

effects of PA on physciology of aging

A
  • prevents chronic diseases
  • maintenance of functional status (muscle, bone,cognition,etc.)
  • improve psychological factors and wellbeing
  • social outcomes (involvment in community, social networks, social support)
45
Q

extrinsic barriers to PA

A
  • related to broaded physica activy environment
  • such as skills and attitudes of others, types of opportunities available, access and safety
45
Q

benefits of PA

A
  • decrease blood pressure
  • increase strength and CV endurance
  • increase balance
  • increase lung and breathing function
  • imporve immune function
  • reduce depression and anxiety
  • control obesity
45
Q

intrinsic barriers to PA

A
  • related to beliefs, motives and experiences of th eindividual
  • such as previous experiences at school, concerns about over-exertion, or perceptions of physcial activity
46
Q

Pa benefits of frailty

A
  • improve ability to perform tasks
  • prevents weak bones and muscle loss
  • improve joint mobility
  • imporve sleep quality
  • reduces risk of chronic conditions
  • extends years to activity and independent living
  • lowers risk of dementia
  • reduces likelihood fo falls and injury
47
Q

two main avenues to overcoming barriers

A
  • reassurance in relation to concerns about safety, frequencu and intensity
  • education of individuals as tp what is apporopriate physical activity

Healthy Aging Midterm 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions