Week 4 Physiological Systems Flashcards
What are the different physiology models?
- Applied models
- August krogh models
- Evolutionary models
What are the recurring themes in animal physiology
1.its integrative biology (molecules → organisms
2. Form and function variation, both within and between animals
3. Alternative approaches to homeostasis
What type of cells promote communication?
Epithelial cells → transport something from one side to another
What do epithelial cells need to communicate?
- Strong connection
- Structural platform (basal lamina)
- Polarity
What are the different types of cell layers
- Cuboidal epithelium (circle)
- Simple squamous epithelium( small square)
- Simple columnar epithelium ( columns)
- Stratified squamous epithelium(2 type)
What are the different layers in a epithelial cell
Apical - closest to outside
Basal - closest to inside
Difference between regulating and remodelling
Regulation is changes existing in hardware
Remodelling (plasticity)is changes in hardware that may be irreversible(developmental plasticity) or reversible (acclimation, acclimatization)
Microevolution is…
With in species: artificial and natural selection
Macroevolution is…
Between species: fast and slow animals
What is acclimatization?
Reversible changes in physiology in response to a complex natural environment
What is acclimation?
Experimental approach determining now a single environmental factor contributes to a change seen in acclimatization
Define allostasis
Many things changing to keep one thing constant
What is the physiological process that all for regulation?
Conformers and regulators
What are conformers?
Allow internal conditions ro change with external conditions (tolerate change)
What are regulators?
Maintain relatively constant internal conditions regardless of external conditions (resist change)
What is only driven by the electrochemical gradient of what is transported
Passive transport
What requires an additional form of energy
Active transport
What does primary active transport need?
Uses ATP
What does secondary active transport use?
Another form of energy’s typically a favorable gradient of something else
What are the different gated channels?
Voltage, ligand, temperature, mechanically
How do solutes travel via primary active transport?
ATP hydrolysis provides the energy to eject solute from cytoplasm against its electrochemical gradient
How do molecules travel across membranes via secondary active transport?
One molecule drives the transport of another
What are the different ways molectues move via secondary active transport?
Exchangers (antiport) or co-transporters (symport)
Define exchangers (antiports)
More one molecule into the cell an another out of the cell
