Week 3 Speciation/diversity

Question 1

What was the process for the first life on earth?

Answer 1

Inorganic molecule → organic molecule → self replicating organic molecules → aggregations of srom→ progenote

Question 2

Process of first eukaryote

Answer 2

Many progenotes →Luca→ bacteria → archaea

Question 3

Process of first multicellular organism

Answer 3

First eukaryote → feca →protist(optstrokont or photosynthetic)→ muticellularity

Question 4

Population growth rate is

Answer 4

Births - deaths

Question 5

Species number is

Answer 5

Speciation - extinction

Question 6

What were the most significant extinctions?

Answer 6

The big 5
1. Permian: 250 mil ago due to volcano
2. Cretaceous: 65 mil ago due to asteroid

Question 7

What is evolutionary novelty

Answer 7

Changes in rate/timing

Question 8

What is taxonomy?

Answer 8

Hiearcharal classification
(carl linneus)

Question 9

What is the order of taxonomy?

Answer 9

Genus → family → order → class

Question 10

What is the difference between homology and analogy?

Answer 10

Homology =similar anatomy/genetics but dissimilar functions

Anology= superficially similar
But anatomically dissimilar

Question 11

What does monophyletic mean?

Answer 11

Organisms with common ancestors

Question 12

Define paraphyly

Answer 12

A group originating from common ancestor but doesn’t contain all descendants

Question 13

Define polyphyly

Answer 13

Groups of organisms grouped together despite not being closely related

Question 14

What does “outgroup” mean

Answer 14

Used to polarize character states
→ not in “ingroup”

Question 15

Define venom and its function

Answer 15

Secretion produced in specialized organisms
1. Defensive (cause local pain)
2. Predatory ( highly complex and badly disrupts )

Question 16

What does the dotted line in a genetic tree mean?

Answer 16

Mutatale → non-functioning