Week 4 Part 2 Flashcards
Transcranial Doppler is used to
assess cerebral hemodynamics and evaluate intracranial cerebrovascular disease
What’s used in TCD
power Doppler, duplex sonography and contrast agents
Transcranial instruments have a ______ bandwidth
Lower
What is the transmitting power on TCD instruments
b/w 10 and 100mW/cm/sec
Focusing of beam is _______ to _______ from probe
40-60mm
What type of transducer is used with TCD?
2MHz pulsed range gated Doppler device
What are the indications for a TCD? Part 1
Detection of intracranial stenosis and occlusions in the major arteries
Evaluation of intracranial hemodynamics and collateral flow where there is extracranial disease
Monitoring of intracranial vessel recanalization in acute stroke
Monitoring intracranial hemodynamics after:
Hemorrhage
Endarterectomy/angioplasty
What are the indications for a TCD? Part 2
Detection of right to left shunts Detection of cerebral microemboli During functional tests: Stimulation with vasoconstrictive drugs External stimulation of visual cortex Before neurosurgery During open heart surgery
The ACA has __ segments.
2 – A1 and A2
Carotid Siphon (just proximal to ICA intracranial branches) has ____ segments.
3 – C1, C2, C3
Opthalamic artery branches at the junction of _____ and _____
C2 and C3
MCA has ___ segments.
M1 and M2
PCA has ___ segments.
P1 and P2
Segments that are labelled 1 are closest to ____ ________ __ ____ _________.
The midline of the brain
What are the windows for TCD?
temporal
orbital
submandibular
suboccipital
Submandibular approach:
probe is directed towards proximal intracranial ICA
window- below mandible at the angle using the carotid triangle
We use the submandibular approach to visualize the _______ ________ ____.
proximal intracranial ICA
Suboccipital approach:
probe is placed under base of skull and angled up into foramen
Patient is laying on their right or left side w/ their back towards you for a suboccipital approach.
Left
head tucked in towards chest
Transorbital approach:
carotid siphon and opthalamic artery
probe is directed toward the orb to locate the OA and then followed to the carotid siphon - distal to the intracranial ICA
Transtemporal approach:
cephalad to zygomatic arch
immediately anterior and slightly superior to tragus of ear
Patient is in a ________ position for a transtemporal approach
supine
When we’re in the anterior orientation of the transtemporal approach, what do we visualize?
M1 and M2
C1 of carotid siphon
A1 of ACA and AComm
When we’re in the posterior orientation of the transtemporal approach, what do we visualize?
P1 and P2 of PCa
top of basilar artery
Pcomm’s